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Article
Electromagnetic Field Exposure Assessment in a Multi Source Telecommunication Environment
RF-EMF exposure assessment carried out in an observatory open for general public visits, where there are multiple RF sources in the surrounding area. Fields at some points of interest have exceeded the ICNIRP ...
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Article
Cerebral changes and cerebrospinal fluid β-amyloid in Alzheimer's disease: a study with quantitative magnetic resonance imaging
Pathological and biochemical studies indicate that β-amyloid (βA4) deposition is a hallmark in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD).1–4 Neuroimaging studies demonstrate that the respective cerebral change...
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Book
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Chapter
Introduction
The electromagnetic spectrum in Table 1 identifies the microwave domain roughly between 300 MHz and 300 GHz. This definition is somewhat arbitrary but has been followed for descriptive purposes and, to a large ex...
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Chapter
Miscellaneous Topics
This short chapter gives some material that is not appropriate for the previous chapters. The tables of material properties are included because these are usually difficult to obtain without extensive search.
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Chapter
Testing for Discontinuities
Discontinuities in materials affect the microwave energy in two basic ways, beyond the mere reflection and transmission of energy. One of these is scattering. Scattering means that the flaw, because of its sha...
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Chapter
Methods of Modeling
This chapter deals with the basics of numerical modeling as these relate to the microwave domain. None of the methods described is specific to NDT, but rather, general methods for modeling. The unique aspects of
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Chapter
Modeling of the Time-Harmonic Wave Equation
The finite element method is now introduced for solution of time harmonic fields where the method is most efficient. The various forms of the wave equation in the frequency domain are formulated in terms of th...
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Chapter
Transmission Lines, Waveguides, and Resonant Cavities
Transmission of energy from point to point can be accomplished in one of two ways. One is by propagation of fields through free space or through a space filled with some medium. This is the case, for example, ...
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Chapter
Microwave Measurement Techniques
Measurements in the microwave range have the same purpose as at other frequencies but are different in nature. The quantities measured are often different and the methods employed tend to be more complex. As a...
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Chapter
Dimensional Testing
Testing with microwaves can be divided into four basic methods.
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Chapter
Testing by Monitoring Material Properties
Various methods for testing for material composition, material properties and chemical properties are used as indicators in nondestructive testing. The major effect is that of changes of the dielectric constan...
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Chapter
Modeling of the Time-Dependent Wave Equation
The time dependent wave equation is first presented as formulated for solution for waves both in terms of potential functions and fields. The distinction between time-dependent and time-harmonic fields is made...
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Chapter
The Electromagnetic Field Equations and Theoretical Aspects
The electromagnetic field equations as we know and use them are succinctly summarized in Maxwell’s equations. This set of four equations relates the four vector field quantities E, H, D and B with each other and ...
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Chapter
Reflection, Transmission, and Scattering of Waves
In this chapter we discuss behavior of waves at dielectric and conductor interfaces as well as scattering from bodies. The problem of conditions at the interfaces between two materials is a fundamental problem...
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Chapter
Microwave Sources, Sensors, and Devices
The generation of microwaves has been the main impediment to the development of microwave systems until the late 1930’s, when the first practical microwave sources were developed. Naturally, these were essenti...
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Article
Serum soluble CD8 antigen level is not elevated in mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome (Kawasaki disease) in spite of an increase in serum soluble interleukin 2 receptors
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Chapter
The Remote Field Effect and Its Interpretation
The Remote Field Effect (RFE) and the testing method based on it have attracted considerable attention from the research community. The need to explain the apparent discrepancies between the effect and the kno...
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Chapter
Finite Element Analysis of Eddy Current Surface Probes
Surface eddy current probes are widely used for measuring crack depth, coating thickness and corrosion effects in metals. In most applications, single (absolute) coils are used, and the coil impedance is monit...
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Chapter
Development of A 3-D Eddy Current Model for Nondestructive Testing Phenomena
The success of two-dimensional eddy current models for modeling a variety of important nondestructive testing situations has been reported elsewhere1-3. These models, based on the finite element method, are limit...
