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Article
Mitochondrial ATP generation is more proteome efficient than glycolysis
Metabolic efficiency profoundly influences organismal fitness. Nonphotosynthetic organisms, from yeast to mammals, derive usable energy primarily through glycolysis and respiration. Although respiration is mor...
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Article
Evidence for widespread cytoplasmic structuring into mesoscale condensates
Compartmentalization is an essential feature of eukaryotic life and is achieved both via membrane-bound organelles, such as mitochondria, and membrane-less biomolecular condensates, such as the nucleolus. Know...
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Article
Slow TCA flux and ATP production in primary solid tumours but not metastases
Tissues derive ATP from two pathways—glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle coupled to the electron transport chain. Most energy in mammals is produced via TCA metabolism1. In tumours, however, the abs...
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Article
Open AccessDifferential nuclear import sets the timing of protein access to the embryonic genome
The development of a fertilized egg to an embryo requires the proper temporal control of gene expression. During cell differentiation, timing is often controlled via cascades of transcription factors (TFs). Ho...
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Article
Activity-based RNA-modifying enzyme probing reveals DUS3L-mediated dihydrouridylation
Epitranscriptomic RNA modifications can regulate RNA activity; however, there remains a major gap in our understanding of the RNA chemistry present in biological systems. Here we develop RNA-mediated activity-...
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Protocol
Immunofluorescence of Microtubule Assemblies in Amphibian Oocytes and Early Embryos
Amphibian oocytes and embryos are classical models to study cellular and developmental processes. For these studies, it is often advantageous to visualize protein organization. However, the large size and yolk...
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Protocol
Quantitative Proteomics for Xenopus Embryos II, Data Analysis
The oocytes, embryos, and cell-free lysates of the frog Xenopus laevis have emerged as powerful models for quantitative proteomic experiments. In the accompanying paper (Chapter 13) we describe how to prepare sam...
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Protocol
Quantitative Proteomics of Xenopus Embryos I, Sample Preparation
Xenopus oocytes and embryos are model systems optimally suited for quantitative proteomics. This is due to the availability of large amount of protein material and the ease of physical manipulation. Furthermore, ...
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Chapter
Vertebrate Embryonic Cleavage Pattern Determination
The pattern of the earliest cell divisions in a vertebrate embryo lays the groundwork for later developmental events such as gastrulation, organogenesis, and overall body plan establishment. Understanding thes...
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Chapter
Asymmetries in Cell Division, Cell Size, and Furrowing in the Xenopus laevis Embryo
Asymmetric cell divisions produce two daughter cells with distinct fate. During embryogenesis, this mechanism is fundamental to build tissues and organs because it generates cell diversity. In adults, it rema...
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Article
Essential CDK1-inhibitory role for separase during meiosis I in vertebrate oocytes
Separase not only triggers anaphase of meiosis I by proteolytic cleavage of cohesin on chromosome arms, but in vitro vertebrate separase also acts as a direct inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (Cdk1) on libe...