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Article
Open AccessQuantitative phase imaging by gradient retardance optical microscopy
Quantitative phase imaging (QPI) has become a vital tool in bioimaging, offering precise measurements of wavefront distortion and, thus, of key cellular metabolism metrics, such as dry mass and density. Howeve...
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Article
Open AccessDistinct ankyrin repeat subdomains control VAPYRIN locations and intracellular accommodation functions during arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis
Over 70% of vascular flowering plants engage in endosymbiotic associations with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. VAPYRIN (VPY) is a plant protein that is required for intracellular accommodation of AM fungi ...
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Article
A CLE–SUNN module regulates strigolactone content and fungal colonization in arbuscular mycorrhiza
During arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis, colonization of the root is modulated in response to the physiological status of the plant, with regulation occurring locally and systemically. Here, we identify differ...
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Article
Extensive membrane systems at the host–arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus interface
During arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis, cells within the root cortex develop a matrix-filled apoplastic compartment in which differentiated AM fungal hyphae called arbuscules reside. Development of the c...
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Article
Genes conserved for arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis identified through phylogenomics
Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis (AMS), a widespread mutualistic association of land plants and fungi1, is predicted to have arisen once, early in the evolution of land plants2–4. Consistent with this notion, sev...
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Article
Using membrane transporters to improve crops for sustainable food production
This Perspective discusses the emerging advances in plant membrane transporters, which can be used to improve crop yields, nutritional value, and environmental stress resistance.
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Protocol
Gene Silencing in Medicago truncatula Roots Using RNAi
Medicago truncatula is used widely as a model system for studies of root symbioses, interactions with parasitic nematodes and fungal pathogens, as well as studies of development and secondary metab...
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Article
Diversity of morphology and function in arbuscular mycorrhizal symbioses in Brachypodium distachyon
Brachypodium distachyon is a grass species that serves as a useful model for wheat and also for many of the grass species proposed as feedstocks for bioenergy production. Here, we monitored B. di...
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Article
Genetic variation for root architecture, nutrient uptake and mycorrhizal colonisation in Medicago truncatula accessions
Sustainable agriculture strives for healthy, high yielding plants with minimal agronomic inputs. Genetic solutions to increase nutrient uptake are desirable because they provide ongoing improvements. To achiev...
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Article
Symbiosis research, technology, and education: Proceedings of the 6th International Symbiosis Society Congress held in Madison Wisconsin, USA, August 2009
Symbiosis, the intimate association between two or more organisms, is a fundamental component of biological systems. Our ability to understand the processes involved in the establishment and function of Symbio...
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Chapter
Phosphate Transporters in Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis
In the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis the reciprocal exchange of nutrients results in a nutritional benefit for both symbionts. The fungus acquires carbon from plant and the plant obtains mineral nutrie...
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Article
Open AccessMedicago truncatula and Glomus intraradices gene expression in cortical cells harboring arbuscules in the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis
Most vascular flowering plants have the capacity to form symbiotic associations with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. The symbiosis develops in the roots where AM fungi colonize the root cortex and form arbu...
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Article
Novel plant and fungal AGP-like proteins in the Medicago truncatula–Glomus intraradices arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis
The ability of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi to colonise the root apoplast, and in coordination with the plant develop specialised plant–fungal interfaces, is key to successful symbioses. The availability ...
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Article
Transgenic expression of a novel M. truncatula phytase gene results in improved acquisition of organic phosphorus by Arabidopsis
A full-length cDNA encoding an extracellular form of phytase was isolated from the model legume Medicago truncatula. The phytase cDNA (MtPHY1) has an open reading frame of 1,632 bp predicted to encode 543 amino a...
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Article
Defensin gene family in Medicago truncatula: structure, expression and induction by signal molecules
A large gene family encoding the putative cysteine-rich defensins was discovered in Medicago truncatula. Sixteen members of the family were identified by screening a cloned seed defensin from M. sativa (Gao et al
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Article
Phosphate transporters of Medicago truncatula and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
Most vascular plants acquire phosphate from their environment either directly, via the roots, or indirectly, via a symbiotic interaction with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. The symbiosis develops in the pl...
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Article
Methods to estimate the proportion of plant and fungal RNA in an arbuscular mycorrhiza
Arbuscular mycorrhizas are endosymbiotic associations formed between obligately biotrophic arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and plant roots. The fungus and plant coexist in intimate contact as the fungus grow...
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Chapter
Phosphate transporters of Medicago truncatula and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
Most vascular plants acquire phosphate from their environment either directly, via the roots, or indirectly, via a symbiotic interaction with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. The symbiosis develops in the pl...
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Article
Microtubule organization in root cells ofMedicago truncatula during development of an arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis withGlomus versiforme
The colonization of plants by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi has been shown to induce changes in cytoplasmic organization and morphology of root cells. Because of their role in a variety of cellular functions in...
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Article
A novel gene whose expression in Medicago truncatula roots is suppressed in response to colonization by vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi and to phosphate nutrition
A cDNA clone (Mt4) was isolated as a result of a differential screen to identify genes showing altered expression during the interaction between Medicago truncatula and the vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VA...
