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Chapter and Conference Paper
Flow Formulations for the Student Scheduling Problem
We discuss the student scheduling problem as it generally applies to high schools in North America. We show that the problem is NP-hard. We discuss various multi-commodity flow formulations, with fractional ca...
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Chapter
The Management of Multiple Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis (TB) will not go away. The decline that has occurred in rates in high-income countries because of chemotherapy (1) has now been reversed; TB remains the leading cause of death worldwide. Between 1998...
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Article
Open AccessMissed opportunities in TB diagnosis: a TB Process-Based Performance Review tool to evaluate and improve clinical care
Traditional tuberculosis (TB) treatment outcome measures, such as cure rate, do not provide insight into the underlying reasons for missing clinical targets. We evaluated a TB Process-Based Performance Review ...
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Article
Community-Acquired Pneumonia in HIV-Infected Individuals
Community-acquired pneumonia continues to be an important complication of HIV infection. Rates of pneumonia decrease with the use of antiretroviral therapy but continue to be higher than in HIV uninfected indi...
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Article
Open AccessUniting to end the TB epidemic: advances in disease control from prevention to better diagnosis and treatment
Tuberculosis is a major global cause of morbidity and mortality. Despite recent advances in containing the epidemic, several challenges continue to slow progress towards elimination including the continuing im...
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Article
Open AccessPulmonary Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare is the main driver of the rise in non-tuberculous mycobacteria incidence in England, Wales and Northern Ireland, 2007–2012
The incidence of non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) isolation from humans is increasing worldwide. In England, Wales and Northern Ireland (EW&NI) the reported rate of NTM more than doubled between 1996 and 200...
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Article
Open AccessVariation in C - reactive protein response according to host and mycobacterial characteristics in active tuberculosis
The C - reactive protein (CRP) response is often measured in patients with active tuberculosis (TB) yet little is known about its relationship to clinical features in TB, or whether responses differ between et...
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Article
Open AccessGenetic variation in Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from a London outbreak associated with isoniazid resistance
The largest outbreak of isoniazid-resistant (INH-R) Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Western Europe is centred in North London, with over 400 cases diagnosed since 1995.
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Article
Open AccessAn association between pulmonary Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex infections and biomarkers of Th2-type inflammation
The rising incidence of pulmonary Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex (MAI) infection is unexplained but parallels the growing world-wide epidemic of allergic disease. We hypothesized an association betwee...
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Article
Open AccessSpot sputum samples are at least as good as early morning samples for identifying Mycobacterium tuberculosis
The use of early morning sputum samples (EMS) to diagnose tuberculosis (TB) can result in treatment delay given the need for the patient to return to the clinic with the EMS, increasing the chance of patients ...
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Article
Open AccessResilience and Physical and Mental Well-Being in Adults with and Without HIV
Resilience has been related to improved physical and mental health, and is thought to improve with age. No studies have explored the relationship between resilience, ageing with HIV, and well-being. A cross se...
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Article
Open AccessHigh mortality in patients with Mycobacterium avium complex lung disease: a systematic review
The incidence of nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) pulmonary disease caused by Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) in apparently immune-competent people is increasing worldwide. We performed a systematic review of...
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Article
Open AccessTrends in, and factors associated with, HIV infection amongst tuberculosis patients in the era of anti-retroviral therapy: a retrospective study in England, Wales and Northern Ireland
HIV increases the progression of latent tuberculosis (TB) infection to active disease and contributed to increased TB in the UK until 2004. We describe temporal trends in HIV infection amongst patients with TB...
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Chapter
Global Epidemiology of NTM Disease (Except Northern America)
This chapter summarizes the epidemiology of NTM isolations and NTM disease worldwide. Understanding of the global epidemiology of NTM disease is evolving due to heterogeneity of NTM isolation from continent to...
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Article
Develo** a pathway for the diagnosis and management of ocular tuberculosis. The pan-LOndon Ocular tuberculosis Pathway—LOOP
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Article
Open AccessAnticipating the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on TB patients and TB control programmes
The COVID-19 pandemic has currently overtaken every other health issue throughout the world. There are numerous ways in which this will impact existing public health issues. Here we reflect on the interactions...
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Article
Discovery and validation of a personalized risk predictor for incident tuberculosis in low transmission settings
The risk of tuberculosis (TB) is variable among individuals with latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection (LTBI), but validated estimates of personalized risk are lacking. In pooled data from 18 systematically...
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Chapter
Tuberculosis in People Living with HIV
Tuberculosis (TB) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co-infection occurs throughout the world, and remains a significant challenge to TB control. Both HIV and TB cause immune dysregulation that can result .....
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Chapter
Post-Tuberculosis Infections and Chronic Lung Disease
There is an increased awareness of the long-term physical, psychological and socioeconomic consequences that can follow apparently successful treatment for tuberculosis (TB). In this chapter, we describe the h.....
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Chapter
HIV and TB
HIV and tuberculosis (TB) co-infection remains a major global healthcare challenge. HIV is the strongest single risk factor for the development of TB disease—which itself is the leading cause of death in peopl...
