1,404 Result(s)
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Article
Morphological study of five bacteriophages of yellow-pigmented enterobacteria
Two bacteriophages isolated onEnterobacter cloacae (C2, C2F) and three isolated onErwinia herbicola (E3, E16P, E16B) were purified by D2O gradient centrifugation. Phage-containing fractions were negatively staine...
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Article
Growth parameters of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus on acetate and ethanol
The growth parameters of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, relevant to its mass cultivation on acetate and ethanol, were determined in batch and continuous culture experiments. Acetic acid exhibited a more powerful in...
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Article
Fermentation of D-xylose to ethanol by a strain ofCandida shehatae
A strain ofCandida shehatae fermented 9% D-xylose directly to ethanol within 40 hours with a yield coefficient of 0.29. The specific rate of ethanol production attained a maximum value of 0.28 g ethanol (g cells ...
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Article
Utilization of glucose and cellobiose by Candida wickerhamii
Candida wickerhamii produced ethanol under aerated and nonaerated conditions when grown on glucose but only under non-aerated conditions when grown on cellobiose. When the yeast was grown on 20 g·l−1 glucose in ...
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Article
Nutritional, temperature, pH, and oxygen requirements of Candida wickerhamii
A defined growth medium was determined for the cellobiose fermenting yeast Candida wickerhamii. Biotin and calcium pantothenate were required for growth while thiamine stimulated growth and ethanol production. Th...
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Article
A method for the detection of Issatchenkia orientalis in a baker's yeast factory
A method for the detection of Issatchenkia orientalis (Candida krusei), a contaminant of bakers' yeast, is described. Nine different liquid medium types were compared and maximum specific growth rates for the yea...
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Article
The effect of aeration on xylose fermentation by Candida shehatae and Pachysolen tannophilus
The ability of a Candida shehatae and a Pachysolen tannophilus strain to ferment D-xylose to ethanol was evaluated in defined and complex media under different levels of aeration. Aeration enhanced the ethanol pr...
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Article
A quantitative screening of some xylose-fermenting yeast isolates
A quantitative screening procedure for xylose fermentation was conducted on 56 yeast isolates. Several of the isolates were found to be markedly superior toC. shehatae CSIR-Y492, one of the better xylose-fermenti...
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Article
The fermentation of hexose and pentose sugars by Candida shehatae and Pichia stipitis
The fermentation by Candida shehatae and Pichia stipitis of xylitol and the various sugars which are liberated upon hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass was investigated. Both yeasts produced ethanol from d-gluc...
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Article
A versatile assay for total cellulase activity using U-[14C]-labelled bacterial cellulose
A versatile and sensitive assay for total cellulase activity and not just carboxymethylcellulase activity, is described. The method is equally suitable for studying the kinetics of solubilization of cellulose ...
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Article
Temperature profiles of growth and ethanol tolerance of the xylose-fermenting yeasts Candida shehatae and Pichia stipitis
The effect of different ethanol concentrations on the growth of Candida shehatae and Pichia stipitis with xylose as substrate was evaluated in a temperature gradient incubator. The upper limit of the temperature ...
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Article
The oxygen requirements of yeasts for the fermentation of d-xylose and d-glucose to ethanol
The effect of oxygen availability on d-xylose and D-glucose metabolism by Pichia stipitis, Candida shehatae and Pachysolen tannophilus was investigated. Oxygen was not required for fermentation of d-xylose or d-g...
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Article
The induction of D-xylose catabolizing enzymes inPachysolen tannophilus and the relationship to anaerobic D-xylose fermentation
Aerobic cultures harvested from the lag and early exponential growth phases fermented D-xylose poorly under anaerobic conditions whereas fermentation by late exponential and stationary phase cultures was rapid...
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Article
Temperature ecotypes near the southern boundary of the kelp Laminaria saccharina
Effects of temperature on survival, growth, and photosynthesis were compared for two USA populations of Laminaria saccharina Lamour. One population was located in New York State, near the southern latitudinal bou...
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Article
An investigation of d-{1-13C} xylose metabolism in Pichia stipitis under aerobic and anaerobic conditions
The uptake of d-{1-13C} xylose, the accumulation of intermediates and the distribution of the label in ethanol in Pichia stipitis under aerobic and anaerobic conditions were investigated by nuclear magnetic reson...
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Article
The effect of respiratory inhibitors on the fermentative ability of Pichia stipitis, Pachysolen tannophilus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae under various conditions of aerobiosis
The growth and ethanol production by the d-xylose-fermenting yeasts Pichia stipitis and Pachysolen tannophilus under various conditions of aerobiosis responded similarly to the addition of the respiratory inhibit...
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Article
The relation between redox potential and D-xylose fermentation by Candida shehatae and Pichia stipitis
Fed-batch xylose fermentations with the yeastsCandida shehatae andPichia stipitis were conducted, using stirrer speed variation with the redox potential as control index to maintain oxygen-limited conditions. The...
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Article
Ethanol tolerance of Pichia stipitis and Candida shehatae strains in fed-batch cultures at controlled low dissolved oxygen levels
Fed-batch cultivations of Pichia stipitis and strains of Candida shehatae with d-xylose or d-glucose were conducted at controlled low dissolved oxygen tension (DOT) levels. There were some marked differences betw...
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Article
D-xylose fermentation by Candida shehatae and pichia stipitis at low dissolved oxygen levels in fed-batch cultures
The fermentation of D-xylose byCandida shehatae andPichia stipitis was studied in fed-batch fermentations using dissolved oxygen tension (DOT) control in the range of 0.2 to 1.4% air saturation. The response of t...
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Article
Nitrogen and energy loss via nonfaecal and faecal excretion in the marine teleost Lithognathus lithognathus
Nitrogen excretion and assimilation efficiencies of individual Lithognathus lithognathus (Cuvier 1830), a marine teleost from high energy surf zones in Algoa Bay, South Africa, were determined under laboratory co...