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Open AccessInterleukin-4 Modulates Neuroinflammation by Inducing Phenotypic Transformation of Microglia Following Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Neuroinflammation, a key pathological feature following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), can be therapeutically targeted by inhibiting microglia M1 polarization and promoting phenotypic transformation to M2 micr...
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Author Correction: Roflumilast Reduces Cerebral Inflammation in a Rat Model of Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
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Carbonyl Reductase 1 Attenuates Ischemic Brain Injury by Reducing Oxidative Stress and Neuroinflammation
Oxidative stress and neuroinflammatory response after the ischemic injury are important pathophysiologic mechanisms that cause brain tissue loss and neurological deficit. This study aims to observe the express...
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Article
Open AccessPublisher Correction: Rapid endothelial cytoskeletal reorganization enables early blood–brain barrier disruption and long-term ischaemic reperfusion brain injury
An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
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Article
Open AccessThe patterns of response of 11 regimens for infantile spasms
Infantile spasms (ISs) is a devastating form of an early infantile epileptic encephalopathy. The patterns of response of multiple regimens, and the difference in response rates for the cases who receive first-...
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Article
Roflumilast Reduces Cerebral Inflammation in a Rat Model of Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Roflumilast, a selective inhibitor for PDE4, is approved by FDA as an anti-inflammation drug for treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This study investigates the effects of roflumilast on...
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Article
Open AccessRapid endothelial cytoskeletal reorganization enables early blood–brain barrier disruption and long-term ischaemic reperfusion brain injury
The mechanism and long-term consequences of early blood–brain barrier (BBB) disruption after cerebral ischaemic/reperfusion (I/R) injury are poorly understood. Here we discover that I/R induces subtle BBB leak...
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The Critical Roles of Immune Cells in Acute Brain Injuries
Acute brain injuries elicit prompt and robust immune responses characterized by the activation of local glial cells and mobilization of peripheral leukocytes. The activation of immune cells originally aims to ...
