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Open AccessSpontaneous recovery from overexpectation in an insect
In associative learning in mammals, it is widely accepted that learning is determined by the prediction error, i.e., the error between the actual reward and the reward predicted by the animal. However, it is u...
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Open AccessRoles of dopamine neurons in mediating the prediction error in aversive learning in insects
In associative learning in mammals, it is widely accepted that the discrepancy, or error, between actual and predicted reward determines whether learning occurs. The prediction error theory has been proposed t...
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Open AccessRoles of OA1 octopamine receptor and Dop1 dopamine receptor in mediating appetitive and aversive reinforcement revealed by RNAi studies
Revealing reinforcing mechanisms in associative learning is important for elucidation of brain mechanisms of behavior. In mammals, dopamine neurons are thought to mediate both appetitive and aversive reinforce...
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Open AccessCritical evidence for the prediction error theory in associative learning
In associative learning in mammals, it is widely accepted that the discrepancy, or error, between actual and predicted reward determines whether learning occurs. Complete evidence for the prediction error theo...
