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High Intensity Interval Training Ameliorates Mitochondrial Dysfunction in the Left Ventricle of Mice with Type 2 Diabetes
Both human and animal studies have shown mitochondrial and contractile dysfunction in hearts of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Exercise training has shown positive effects on cardiac function, but its effect...
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A Ketogenic Diet Improves Mitochondrial Biogenesis and Bioenergetics via the PGC1α-SIRT3-UCP2 Axis
A ketogenic diet (KD; high-fat, low-carbohydrate) can benefit refractory epilepsy, but underlying mechanisms are unknown. We used mice inducibly expressing a mutated form of the mitochondrial DNA repair enzyme...
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Recent advances in hippocampal structure and function
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Article
Open AccessExercise induces cerebral VEGF and angiogenesis via the lactate receptor HCAR1
Physical exercise can improve brain function and delay neurodegeneration; however, the initial signal from muscle to brain is unknown. Here we show that the lactate receptor (HCAR1) is highly enriched in pial ...
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Erratum to: Lactate Transport and Receptor Actions in Retina: Potential Roles in Retinal Function and Disease
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Article
Lactate Transport and Receptor Actions in Retina: Potential Roles in Retinal Function and Disease
In retina, like in brain, lactate equilibrates across cell membranes via monocarboxylate transporters and in the extracellular space by diffusion, forming a basis for the action of lactate as a transmitter of ...
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Open AccessReorganization of supramammillary–hippocampal pathways in the rat pilocarpine model of temporal lobe epilepsy: evidence for axon terminal sprouting
In mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE), spontaneous seizures likely originate from a multi-structural epileptogenic zone, including several regions of the limbic system connected to the hippocampal formation....
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Open Accessβ-Amyloid 25-35 Peptide Reduces the Expression of Glutamine Transporter SAT1 in Cultured Cortical Neurons
β-Amyloid (Aβ) peptides may cause malfunction and death of neurons in Alzheimer’s disease. We investigated the effect of Aβ on key transporters of amino acid neurotransmission in cells cultured from rat cerebr...
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Article
Immunogold quantification of amino acids and proteins in complex subcellular compartments
An increasing number of imaging techniques are in use to study the localization of molecules involved in cell-to-cell signaling. Here we describe the use of immunogold procedures to detect and quantify molecul...
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Article
Colocalization of glutamate and glycine in bipolar cell terminals of the human retina
Human retinae from surgical specimens rapidly fixed in a glutaraldehyde/formaldehyde mixture were subjected to postembedding, immunogold immunocytochemistry of glutamate and glycine, and subsequently analysed ...
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Article
Erratum: Cloning and expression of a rat brain L-glutamate transporter
Nature 360, 464-467 (1992) THE third author's name was shown incorrectly in this letter. It should read Magnar Bj0ras, as above. In addition, Fig. 2b is not, as stated, a western blot but is an autoradiogram o...
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Article
Cloning and expression of a rat brain L-glutamate transporter
SYNAPTIC transmission of most vertebrate synapses is thought to be terminated by rapid transport of the neurotransmitter into presynaptic nerve terminals or neuroglia1–5. L-Glutamate is the major excitatory trans...
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Distribution of glutamine-like immunoreactivity in the cerebellum of rat and baboon (Papio anubis) with reference to the issue of metabolic compartmentation
The cellular and subcellular localization of glutamine, a major glutamate precursor, was studied by means of an antiserum raised against glutaraldehydefixed glutamine. Ultrathin sections from the cerebellar co...
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Chapter
Immunocytochemical localization of glutamate, GABA and glycine in the human retina
The amino acids glutamate, GABA and glycine, putative neurotransmitters in the mammalian retina, were localized immunocytochemically in the human eye. The posterior two thirds of an eye were immersion-fixed in...
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Article
GABA-immunoreactive cells in the rat gastrointestinal epithelium
Frozen sections of the corpus ventriculi, antrum pyloricum, duodenum, jejunum, ileum and colon from animals perfusion fixed with glutaraldehyde were treated with an antiserum specific for glutaraldehyde-fixed ...
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Chapter
Anatomy of Putative Glutamatergic Neurons
An important reason why the role of glutamate as a transmitter has for long remained enigmatic is the lack of suitable methods for detailed localization of glutamate in the tissue and for discriminating the pu...
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Article
GABA-containing neurons in the thalamus and pretectum of the rodent
Antisera produced by immunizing rabbits with GABA conjugated to bovine serum albumin reacted, after purification, strongly with GABA fixed with glutaraldehyde to rat brain macromolecules, but insignificantly w...
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First visualization of glutamate and GABA in neurones by immunocytochemistry
Immunocytochemical methods for peptides and serotonin have greatly advanced the study of neurones in which these substances are likely to be transmitters1,2. Such direct techniques have not so far been available ...
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Chapter
Amino Acid Compartments in Hippocampus: An Autoradiographic Approach
The purpose of the present communication is to show that certain amino acids when presented radiolabel1ed in the extracellular space, are taken up into distinct neuronal compartments. Thus, gammaaminobutyrate ...
