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Article
Open AccessRisk stratification in cardiogenic shock: a focus on the available evidence
Cardiogenic shock is a clinical syndrome which is defined as the presence of primary cardiac disorder that results in hypotension together with signs of organ hypoperfusion in the state of normovolaemia or hyp...
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Article
Virtual Experiments by a Pulse Heating Technique: Tubular Tungsten Specimens
A bi-dimensional geometrical model that includes thermal expansion effects was developed and numerically solved considering three tubular tungsten specimens, heated from room temperature to above 3600 K with c...
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Article
Virtual Experiments by Pulse Heating Techniques: Cylindrical Tungsten Specimens
A bi-dimensional geometrical model was developed and numerically solved considering different cylindrical tungsten specimens, heated to temperatures above 3600 K with current pulses of about (500, 750, and 950...
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Article
Evaluation of a Pulse-Heating Reflectometric Technique
The classical millisecond-resolution pulse-heating method makes use of tubular specimens with a rectangular blackbody hole for accurate measurements of several thermophysical properties at high temperatures. A...
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Article
The Role of National Measurement Institutes in Subsecond Current-Heating Methods
The historical role of three national measurement institutes (NMIs), namely, the NBS-NIST (USA), the IMGC (Italy), and the NRLM-NMIJ (Japan), in the development of different pulse-heating methods is reviewed. ...
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Article
A Multiwavelength Reflectometric Technique for Normal Spectral Emissivity Measurements by a Pulse-Heating Method
A new technique has been developed for the direct measurement of the normal spectral emissivity at several wavelengths in pulse-heating conditions, adding some novel features to previous versions of this type ...
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Article
Mathematical Models for Pulse-Heating Experiments
Accurate measurements of thermophysical properties at high temperatures (above 1000 K) have been obtained with millisecond pulse-heating techniques using tubular specimens with a blackbody hole. In the recent ...
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Article
Ten Years of Parameter Estimation Applied to Dynamic Thermophysical Property Measurements
The parameter estimation theory is considered the best way to estimate thermophysical properties from dynamic experiments. This approach deals with measurement and model errors in a statistical context and pro...
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Article
Thermophysical Properties by a Pulse-Heating Reflectometric Technique: Niobium, 1100 to 2700 K
Pulse-heating experiments were performed on niobium strips, taking the specimens from room temperature to the melting point is less than one second. The normal spectral emissivity of the strips was measured by...
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Article
Normal Spectral Emissivity of Niobium (at 900 nm) by a Pulse-Heating Reflectometric Technique
The normal spectral emissivity of niobium strip specimens was measured using a new pulse-heating reflectometric technique. The hemispherical spectral reflectivity of the surface of a strip tangent to an integr...
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Article
Thermophysical properties of thoriated tungsten above 3600 K by a pulse-heating method
Thoriated tungsten (tungsten, 98% thorium oxide, 2%) is a widely used electrode material for inert-gas arc-welding. A subsecond pulse-heating technique was applied to rod specimens: radiance temperature was me...
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Article
Physical changes in tungsten and thoriated tungsten electrodes after subsecond heating
Tungsten and thoriated tungsten rods are commonly used as cathodes for arcs operating in argon. Thoriated tungsten electrodes (2 wt% thorium oxide) have significantly longer lifetimes than pure tungsten electr...
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Article
Measurement of thermophysical properties by a pulse-heating method: Thoriated tungsten in the range 1200 to 3600 K
Thoriated tungsten (tungsten, 98%: thorium oxide. 2 % ) is a widely used electrode material for inert-gas arc-welding. Data for the heat capacity, electrical resistivity. and hemispherical total emissivity of ...
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Article
Evaluation of thermal conductivity from temperature profiles
A new dynamic technique for the measurement of thermal conductivity is being developed at IMGC. The experiment consists in bringing the specimen to high temperatures with a current pulse and in measuring the t...
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Article
Radiance temperatures (at 658 and 898 nm) of niobium at its melting point
Radiance temperatures (at 658 and 898 nm) of niobium at its melting point were measured by a pulse-heating technique. A current pulse of subsecond duration was imparted to a niobium strip and the initial part ...
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Article
A new technique for the measurement of radiance temperature at the melting point
Measurements of the radiance temperature of metals at their melting point received wide attention recently on account of controversial results obtained in different laboratories. During further investigations ...
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Article
Differential equations for a dynamic thermal conductivity experiment
The mathematical model that describes a dynamic thermal conductivity experiment is reconsidered by taking into account the role of thermal expansion. Two differential equations are presented that take into acc...
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Article
A new dynamic technique for the measurement of hemispherical total emittance
A new dynamic technique for the measurement of thermal conductivity under development at the IMGC requires accurate values of heat capacity and of hemispherical total emittance at high temperature. Until recen...
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Article
Thermal conductivity by a pulse-heating method: Theory and experimental apparatus
A new dynamic technique for the measurement of thermal conductivity at high temperatures has been developed at the IMGC. The specimen is brought to high temperatures with a current pulse; during cooling the he...
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Article
Issues and future directions in subsecond thermophysics research
The key issues and anticipated future directions in subsecond thermophysics research are presented and discussed. The main emphasis is placed on experimental techniques for measurements of selected thermophysi...
