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Article
Open AccessCoastal phytoplankton blooms expand and intensify in the 21st century
Phytoplankton blooms in coastal oceans can be beneficial to coastal fisheries production and ecosystem function, but can also cause major environmental problems1,2—yet detailed characterizations of bloom incidenc...
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Article
Open AccessPerceived global increase in algal blooms is attributable to intensified monitoring and emerging bloom impacts
Global trends in the occurrence, toxicity and risk posed by harmful algal blooms to natural systems, human health and coastal economies are poorly constrained, but are widely thought to be increasing due to cl...
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Article
Open AccessRole of C4 carbon fixation in Ulva prolifera, the macroalga responsible for the world’s largest green tides
Most marine algae preferentially assimilate CO2 via the Calvin-Benson Cycle (C3) and catalyze HCO3− dehydration via carbonic anhydrase (CA) as a CO2-compensatory mechanism, but certain species utilize the Hatch-S...
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Article
Open AccessEvaluation of sxtA and rDNA qPCR assays through monitoring of an inshore bloom of Alexandrium catenella Group 1
Alexandrium catenella (formerly A. tamarense Group 1, or A. fundyense) is the leading cause of Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning in North and South America, Europe, Africa, Australia and Asia. The quantification of A...
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Article
Development and validation of PCR-RFLP assay for identification of Gambierdiscus species in the Greater Caribbean Region
The genus Gambierdiscus is a group of marine epiphytic-benthic dinoflagellates that produce the toxins that cause ciguatera fish poisoning (CFP). To date, 15 species and six ribotypes of Gambierdiscus have been i...
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The Role of Life Cycle Characteristics in Harmful Algal Bloom Dynamics
Life cycle-based adaptations are integral to the ecology of most organisms. For the toxic microalgal species Pyrodinium bahamense, Alexandrium fundyense, Pseudo-nitzschia spp., and Nodularia spumigena, the proper...
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Article
Characterization of 17 new microsatellite markers for the dinoflagellate Alexandrium fundyense (Dinophyceae), a harmful algal bloom species
Alexandrium fundyense is a toxic marine dinoflagellate responsible for “red tide” events in temperate and sub-arctic waters worldwide. In the Gulf of Maine (GOM) and Bay of Fundy in the N...
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Article
Temperature and Residence Time Controls on an Estuarine Harmful Algal Bloom: Modeling Hydrodynamics and Alexandrium fundyense in Nauset Estuary
A highly resolved, 3D model of hydrodynamics and Alexandrium fundyense in an estuarine embayment has been developed to investigate the physical and biological controls on a recurrent harmful algal bloom. Nauset e...
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Article
Comparison of techniques used to count single-celled viable phytoplankton
Four methods commonly used to count phytoplankton were evaluated based upon the precision of concentration estimates: Sedgewick Rafter and membrane filter direct counts, flow cytometry, and flow-based imaging ...
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Article
Resistance of Hong Kong waters to nutrient enrichment: assessment of the role of physical processes in reducing eutrophication
Hong Kong waters receive high nutrient loading from year-round sewage effluent and Pearl River discharge during the summer wet season. We assessed the role of physical processes in reducing eutrophication by c...
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Article
Phytoplankton Biomass and Production in Subtropical Hong Kong Waters: Influence of the Pearl River Outflow
The size-fractionated phytoplankton biomass and primary production were investigated in four contrasting areas of Hong Kong waters in 2006. Phytoplankton biomass and production varied seasonally in response to...
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Article
Open AccessCenters for Oceans and Human Health: a unified approach to the challenge of harmful algal blooms
Harmful algal blooms (HABs) are one focus of the national research initiatives on Oceans and Human Health (OHH) at NIEHS, NOAA and NSF. All of the OHH Centers, from the east coast to Hawaii, include one or mor...
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Article
Open AccessGlobal transcriptional profiling of the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium fundyense using Massively Parallel Signature Sequencing
Dinoflagellates are one of the most important classes of marine and freshwater algae, notable both for their functional diversity and ecological significance. They occur naturally as free-living cells, as endo...
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Article
Flocculation and removal of the brown tide organism, Aureococcus anophagefferens (Chrysophyceae), using clays
Previous attempts to remove the brown tideorganism, Aureococcusanophagefferens, through flocculation withclays have been unsuccessful, in spite ofadopting concentrations and dispersalprotocols that yielded excell...
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Article
Effects of suspended and sedimented clays on juvenile hard clams, Mercenaria mercenaria, within the context of harmful algal bloom mitigation
Increased interest in using ecologically inert clays to flocculate, sediment, and thus mitigate harmful algal blooms at nearshore mariculture sites has prompted studies on the effectiveness of this method on p...
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Article
Harmful algal blooms and eutrophication: Nutrient sources, composition, and consequences
Although algal blooms, including those considered toxic or harmful, can be natural phenomena, the nature of the global problem of harmful algal blooms (HABs) has expanded both in extent and its public percepti...
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Article
Harvesting of Aphanizomenon flos-aquae Ralfs ex Born. & Flah. var. flos-aquae (Cyanobacteria) from Klamath Lake for human dietary use
In western cultures, certain cyanobacteria have beenan accepted source of microalgal biomass for food forabout 30 years, in particular Spirulina(Arthrospira) platensis and S. maxima. Beginning in the early 1980s,...
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Article
Paradise Threatened: Land Use and Erosion on St. John, US Virgin Islands
/yr, respectively. Geomorphic evidence indicates that plantation agriculture during the 18th and 19th centuries did not cause severe erosion. Since about 1950 there has been rapid growth in roads and developme...
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Article
Turning back the harmful red tide
Harmful algal blooms are a serious and increasing problem in marine waters, yet scientists and funding agencies have been slow to investigate possible control strategies.
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Article
Encystment ofChattonella antiqua in laboratory cultures
Cysts ofChattonella antiqua (Raphidophyceae) were obtained in laboratory cultures for the first time. They were formed on the surface of glass coverslips added to both P- and N- depleted mediums. The yield was 50...
