Default Nudges
From People's Experiences to Policymaking Implications
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Open AccessA synthesis of evidence for policy from behavioural science during COVID-19
Scientific evidence regularly guides policy decisions1, with behavioural science increasingly part of this process2. In April 2020, an influential paper3 proposed 19 policy recommendations (‘claims’) detailing ho...
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Human bias in algorithm design
Algorithms are designed to learn user preferences by observing user behaviour. This causes algorithms to fail to reflect user preferences when psychological biases affect user decision making. For algorithms t...
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The use of algorithms in society
The judgments of human beings can be biased; they can also be noisy. Across a wide range of settings, use of algorithms is likely to improve accuracy, because algorithms will reduce both bias and noise. Indeed...
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Evaluation
In evaluating default nudges and other behaviorally informed interventions, it is essential to consider their welfare effects and their effects on distributive justice. Policymakers should ask four specific qu...
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The Problem
One of the most widely used nudges, and one of the most effective, is the default rule. A default rule works by designating one course of action as the default; it establishes what will happen unless the decis...
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Living Reference Work Entry In depth
Behavioural Public Policy
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Book
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Challenges for Nudging and a Framework for Assessing Them
Might nudges interfere with people’s autonomy? Might nudges be manipulative? Some people object that nudges steer choosers in certain directions and toward certain ends. In their view, nudges can be unacceptab...
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How Do People Evaluate Default Nudges?
Existing evidence suggests that in general, default nudges do not create negative experiences. People do not dislike them. People do show some caution about default nudges when learning about them in surveys, ...
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The distributional effects of nudges
Nudges are tools to achieve behavioural change. To evaluate nudges, it is essential to consider not only their overall welfare effects but also their distributional effects. Some nudges will not help, and migh...
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Green defaults can combat climate change
Increasing the uptake of green energy use by households and businesses is a key step toward reducing environmental harm and combating climate change. In a new paper, Liebe et al.1 show that a non-monetary interve...
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The modest effects of fact boxes on cancer screening
As health care becomes increasingly personalized to the needs and values of individual patients, informational interventions that aim to inform and debias consumer decision-making are likely to become importan...
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Climate-Friendly Default Rules
Careful attention to choice architecture promises to open up new possibilities for reducing greenhouse gas emissions—possibilities that go well beyond, and that may supplement or complement, the standard tools...
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Verhaltensbasierte Regulierung (Nudging)
Die Verbraucherpolitik verfügt über ein breites Instrumentarium, bestehend aus weichen Instrumenten wie Information und Beratung, Bildung und Befähigung, Organisation und Ermächtigung sowie harten Instrumenten...
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How behavioural sciences can promote truth, autonomy and democratic discourse online
Public opinion is shaped in significant part by online content, spread via social media and curated algorithmically. The current online ecosystem has been designed predominantly to capture user attention rathe...
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The triumph of the friendly: A review of Brian Hare and Vanessa Woods, survival of the friendliest
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Ten considerations for effectively managing the COVID-19 transition
Governments around the world have implemented measures to manage the transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). While the majority of these measures are proving effective, they have a high social and...
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Article
Has liberalism ruined everything?
There has been considerable recent discussion of the social effects of “liberalism,” which are said to include a growth in out-of-wedlock childbirth, repudiation of traditions (religious and otherwise), a rise...
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Using social and behavioural science to support COVID-19 pandemic response
The COVID-19 pandemic represents a massive global health crisis. Because the crisis requires large-scale behaviour change and places significant psychological burdens on individuals, insights from the social a...
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How people decide what they want to know
Immense amounts of information are now accessible to people, including information that bears on their past, present and future. An important research challenge is to determine how people decide to seek or avo...
