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Article
Arsenic in medicine: past, present and future
Arsenicals are one of the oldest treatments for a variety of human disorders. Although infamous for its toxicity, arsenic is paradoxically a therapeutic agent that has been used since ancient times for the tre...
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Article
Regulation of arsenic methylation: identification of the transcriptional region of the human AS3MT gene
The human enzyme As(III) S-adenosylmethionine methyltransferase (AS3MT) catalyzes arsenic biotransformations and is considered to contribute to arsenic-related diseases. AS3MT is expressed in various tissues a...
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Article
Open AccessArsinothricin, an arsenic-containing non-proteinogenic amino acid analog of glutamate, is a broad-spectrum antibiotic
The emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance highlights the urgent need for new antibiotics. Organoarsenicals have been used as antimicrobials since Paul Ehrlich’s salvarsan. Recently a soil bacterium ...
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Article
Open AccessRecurrent horizontal transfer of arsenite methyltransferase genes facilitated adaptation of life to arsenic
The toxic metalloid arsenic has been environmentally ubiquitous since life first arose nearly four billion years ago and presents a challenge for the survival of all living organisms. Its bioavailability has v...
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Article
Arsenic methylation by a genetically engineered Rhizobium-legume symbiont
Arsenic (As) is one of the most widespread environmental contaminants. The aim of our study was to test a novel bioremediation system based on the symbiosis between leguminous plant and genetically engineered ...
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Article
Bacterial resistance to arsenic protects against protist killing
Protists kill their bacterial prey using toxic metals such as copper. Here we hypothesize that the metalloid arsenic has a similar role. To test this hypothesis, we examined intracellular survival of Escherichia ...
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Article
Inositol transporters AtINT2 and AtINT4 regulate arsenic accumulation in Arabidopsis seeds
Arsenic contamination of groundwater and soils threatens the health of tens of millions of people worldwide. Understanding the way in which arsenic is taken up by crops such as rice, which serve as a significa...
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Article
Mutations in the ArsA ATPase that restore interaction with the ArsD metallochaperone
The ArsA ATPase is the catalytic subunit of the ArsAB As(III) efflux pump. It receives trivalent As(III) from the intracellular metallochaperone ArsD. The interaction of ArsA and ArsD allows for resistance to ...
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Article
The ArsD As(III) metallochaperone
Arsenic, a toxic metalloid widely existing in the environment, causes a variety of health problems. The ars operon encoded by Escherichia coli plasmid R773 has arsD and arsA genes, where ArsA is an ATPase that is...
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Article
Resonance assignments and secondary structure prediction of the As(III) metallochaperone ArsD in solution
ArsD is a metallochaperone that delivers As(III) to the ArsA ATPase, the catalytic subunit of the ArsAB pump encoded by the arsRDABC operon of Escherichia coli plasmid R773. Conserved ArsD cysteine residues (Cys1...
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Article
Pentavalent methylated arsenicals are substrates of human AQP9
Liver aquaglyceroporin AQP9 facilitates movement of trivalent inorganic arsenite (AsIII) and organic monomethylarsonous acid (MAsIII). However, the transport pathway for the two major pentavalent arsenic cellular...
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Chapter
Arsenic Transport in Prokaryotes and Eukaryotic Microbes
Aquaporins (AQPs) and aquaglyceroporins facilitate transport of a broad spectrum of substrates such as water, glycerol and other small uncharged solutes. More recently, AQPs have also been shown to...
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Article
Open AccessArsenic transport by zebrafish aquaglyceroporins
Arsenic is one of the most ubiquitous toxins and endangers the health of tens of millions of humans worldwide. It is a mainly a water-borne contaminant. Inorganic trivalent arsenic (AsIII) is one of the major spe...
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Chapter
Aquaglyceroporins and Metalloid Transport: Implications in Human Diseases
Aquaglyceroporin (AQP) channels facilitate the diffusion of a wide range of neutral solutes, including water, glycerol, and other small uncharged solutes. More recently, AQPs have been shown to allow the passa...
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Chapter
Transport Mechanisms of Resistance to Drugs and Toxic Metals
This chapter discusses the types of transport systems that confer resistance to antibiotics, antimicrobial drugs, and toxic metals. A number of these are discussed in detail in other chapters, so here we focus...
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Article
Aquaglyceroporins: ancient channels for metalloids
The identification of aquaglyceroporins as uptake channels for arsenic and antimony shows how these toxic elements can enter the food chain, and suggests that food plants could be genetically modified to exclu...
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Article
ArsD: an As(III) metallochaperone for the ArsAB As(III)-translocating ATPase
The toxic metalloid arsenic is widely disseminated in the environment and causes a variety of health and environment problems. As an adaptation to arsenic-contaminated environments, organisms have developed re...
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Article
Extreme arsenic resistance by the acidophilic archaeon ‘Ferroplasma acidarmanus’ Fer1
‘Ferroplasma acidarmanus’ Fer1 is an arsenic-hypertolerant acidophilic archaeon isolated from the Iron Mountain mine, California; a site characterized by heavy metals contamination. The presence of up to 10 g ars...
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Chapter
Arsenic Metabolism in Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Microbes
This chapter will focus on recent progress on the mechanisms of metalloid uptake, metabolism, and detoxification in bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotic microbes. One of the initial challenges of the earliest...
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Chapter
Metals in biology: past, present, and future
This chapter reviews basic concepts in metal biology and suggests a vision for the future of metals in medicine. Important developments in the field include the discovery of metallochaperones that prevent free...
