-
Chapter
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Understanding the workings of the human brain is not an easy task. Cognitive functions unique to humans, such as language and its development, ultimately require noninvasive functional measurement of the human...
-
Chapter
Symposia
Goal: The goal of this symposium is to identify ‘state-of-the-art’ strategies for the use of antipsychotic medications in the management of children and adolescents with major psychiatric disorders. Learning o...
-
Chapter
Dopamine and Glutamate in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a complex condition, thought to have multiple subtypes lurking within a broad, behaviorally defined phenotype, making it difficult to identify specific biolog...
-
Article
Altered Emotional Processing in Pediatric Anxiety, Depression, and Comorbid Anxiety-Depression
The goal of this study was to examine some of the mechanisms underlying emotion regulation in childhood affective disorders by examining the impact of distracting emotional information during performance on a ...
-
Article
Differential effects of DRD4 and DAT1 genotype on fronto-striatal gray matter volumes in a sample of subjects with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, their unaffected siblings, and controls
Genetic influences on behavior are complex and, as such, the effect of any single gene is likely to be modest. Neuroimaging measures may serve as a biological intermediate phenotype to investigate the effect o...
-
Article
Genes, brain, and behavior: Bridging disciplines
With excitement surrounding the publication of the human genome, scientists have set out to uncover the functions of specific genes. This special issue on Genes, Brain, and Behavior attempts to present researc...
-
Article
COMT genotype influences prefrontal response to emotional distraction
Early studies of genetic effects on brain activity have been conducted to investigate primarily either the influence of polymorphisms in dopaminergic genes, especially the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene...
-
Article
Etiologic Subtypes of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Brain Imaging, Molecular Genetic and Environmental Factors and the Dopamine Hypothesis
Multiple theories of Attention-Deficit/Hyper- activity Disorder (ADHD) have been proposed, but one that has stood the test of time is the dopamine deficit theory. We review the narrow literature from recent br...
-
Article
Dimensionality of brain networks linked to life-long individual differences in self-control
The ability to delay gratification in childhood has been linked to positive outcomes in adolescence and adulthood. Here we examine a subsample of participants from a seminal longitudinal study of self-control ...
-
Article
Caloric Restriction Enhances Fear Extinction Learning in Mice
Fear extinction learning, the ability to reassess a learned cue of danger as safe when it no longer predicts aversive events, is often dysregulated in anxiety disorders. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors...
-
Article
DSM-5 and RDoC: progress in psychiatry research?
The classification of psychiatric disorders in the DSM has been influential in neuroscience research but has also been subject to criticism. In this Viewpoint, six leaders in the field discuss whether the late...
-
Article
Open AccessSchizophrenia-risk variant rs6994992 in the neuregulin-1 gene on brain developmental trajectories in typically develo** children
The neuregulin-1 (NRG1) gene is one of the best-validated risk genes for schizophrenia, and psychotic and bipolar disorders. The rs6994992 variant in the NRG1 promoter (SNP8NRG243177) is associated with altered f...
-
Article
Adolescent-specific patterns of behavior and neural activity during social reinforcement learning
Humans are sophisticated social beings. Social cues from others are exceptionally salient, particularly during adolescence. Understanding how adolescents interpret and learn from variable social signals can pr...
-
Article
FAAH genetic variation enhances fronto-amygdala function in mouse and human
Cross-species studies enable rapid translational discovery and produce the broadest impact when both mechanism and phenotype are consistent across organisms. We developed a knock-in mouse that biologically rec...
-
Article
Open AccessExtinction during memory reconsolidation blocks recovery of fear in adolescents
Adolescence is a time of intensified emotional experiences, during which anxiety and stress-related disorders peak. The most effective behavioral therapies for treating these disorders share exposure-based tec...
-
Article
Family income, parental education and brain structure in children and adolescents
Socioeconomic status is associated with cognitive development, but the extent to which this reflects neuroanatomical differences is unclear. In 1,099 children and adolescents, family income was nonlinearly ass...
-
Article
Open AccessDyslexia and language impairment associated genetic markers influence cortical thickness and white matter in typically develo** children
Dyslexia and language impairment (LI) are complex traits with substantial genetic components. We recently completed an association scan of the DYX2 locus, where we observed associations of markers in DCDC2, KIAA0...
-
Article
Open AccessDynamic changes in neural circuitry during adolescence are associated with persistent attenuation of fear memories
Fear can be highly adaptive in promoting survival, yet it can also be detrimental when it persists long after a threat has passed. Flexibility of the fear response may be most advantageous during adolescence w...
-
Article
Anxiety is related to indices of cortical maturation in typically develo** children and adolescents
Anxiety is a risk factor for many adverse neuropsychiatric and socioeconomic outcomes, and has been linked to functional and structural changes in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC). However, the natur...
-
Article
ADHD and cannabis use in young adults examined using fMRI of a Go/NoGo task
Children diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are at increased risk for substance abuse. Response inhibition is a hallmark of ADHD, yet the combined effects of ADHD and regular substa...
