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Article
Open AccessHeightened sensitivity to high-calorie foods in children at risk for obesity: insights from behavior, neuroimaging, and genetics
Pediatric obesity is a major public health concern. Genetic susceptibility and increased availability of energy-dense food are known risk factors for obesity. However, the extent to which these factors jointly...
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Article
Open AccessUncertain threat is associated with greater impulsive actions and neural dissimilarity to Black versus White faces
Race is a social construct that contributes to group membership and heightens emotional arousal in intergroup contexts. Little is known about how emotional arousal, specifically uncertain threat, influences be...
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Article
Baseline brain function in the preadolescents of the ABCD Study
The Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study® is a 10-year longitudinal study of children recruited at ages 9 and 10. A battery of neuroimaging tasks are administered biennially to track neurodevelopme...
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Article
Open AccessProcessing of Task-Irrelevant Race Information is Associated with Diminished Cognitive Control in Black and White Individuals
The race of an individual is a salient physical feature that is rapidly processed by the brain and can bias our perceptions of others. How the race of others explicitly impacts our actions toward them during i...
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Article
Role of BDNF in the development of an OFC-amygdala circuit regulating sociability in mouse and human
Social deficits are common in many psychiatric disorders. However, due to inadequate tools for manipulating circuit activity in humans and unspecific paradigms for modeling social behaviors in rodents, our und...
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Article
Open AccessThe importance of social factors in the association between physical activity and depression in children
Physical activity is associated with reduced depression in youth and adults. However, our understanding of how different aspects of youth activities—specifically, the degree to which they are social, team-orie...
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Article
Open AccessPrediction complements explanation in understanding the develo** brain
A central aim of human neuroscience is understanding the neurobiology of cognition and behavior. Although we have made significant progress towards this goal, reliance on group-level studies of the developed a...
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Article
ADHD and cannabis use in young adults examined using fMRI of a Go/NoGo task
Children diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are at increased risk for substance abuse. Response inhibition is a hallmark of ADHD, yet the combined effects of ADHD and regular substa...
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Article
Anxiety is related to indices of cortical maturation in typically develo** children and adolescents
Anxiety is a risk factor for many adverse neuropsychiatric and socioeconomic outcomes, and has been linked to functional and structural changes in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC). However, the natur...
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Article
Open AccessDynamic changes in neural circuitry during adolescence are associated with persistent attenuation of fear memories
Fear can be highly adaptive in promoting survival, yet it can also be detrimental when it persists long after a threat has passed. Flexibility of the fear response may be most advantageous during adolescence w...
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Article
Open AccessDyslexia and language impairment associated genetic markers influence cortical thickness and white matter in typically develo** children
Dyslexia and language impairment (LI) are complex traits with substantial genetic components. We recently completed an association scan of the DYX2 locus, where we observed associations of markers in DCDC2, KIAA0...
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Article
Family income, parental education and brain structure in children and adolescents
Socioeconomic status is associated with cognitive development, but the extent to which this reflects neuroanatomical differences is unclear. In 1,099 children and adolescents, family income was nonlinearly ass...
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Article
Open AccessExtinction during memory reconsolidation blocks recovery of fear in adolescents
Adolescence is a time of intensified emotional experiences, during which anxiety and stress-related disorders peak. The most effective behavioral therapies for treating these disorders share exposure-based tec...
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Article
FAAH genetic variation enhances fronto-amygdala function in mouse and human
Cross-species studies enable rapid translational discovery and produce the broadest impact when both mechanism and phenotype are consistent across organisms. We developed a knock-in mouse that biologically rec...
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Article
Adolescent-specific patterns of behavior and neural activity during social reinforcement learning
Humans are sophisticated social beings. Social cues from others are exceptionally salient, particularly during adolescence. Understanding how adolescents interpret and learn from variable social signals can pr...
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Open AccessSchizophrenia-risk variant rs6994992 in the neuregulin-1 gene on brain developmental trajectories in typically develo** children
The neuregulin-1 (NRG1) gene is one of the best-validated risk genes for schizophrenia, and psychotic and bipolar disorders. The rs6994992 variant in the NRG1 promoter (SNP8NRG243177) is associated with altered f...
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Article
DSM-5 and RDoC: progress in psychiatry research?
The classification of psychiatric disorders in the DSM has been influential in neuroscience research but has also been subject to criticism. In this Viewpoint, six leaders in the field discuss whether the late...
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Article
Caloric Restriction Enhances Fear Extinction Learning in Mice
Fear extinction learning, the ability to reassess a learned cue of danger as safe when it no longer predicts aversive events, is often dysregulated in anxiety disorders. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors...
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Article
Dimensionality of brain networks linked to life-long individual differences in self-control
The ability to delay gratification in childhood has been linked to positive outcomes in adolescence and adulthood. Here we examine a subsample of participants from a seminal longitudinal study of self-control ...
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Article
Etiologic Subtypes of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Brain Imaging, Molecular Genetic and Environmental Factors and the Dopamine Hypothesis
Multiple theories of Attention-Deficit/Hyper- activity Disorder (ADHD) have been proposed, but one that has stood the test of time is the dopamine deficit theory. We review the narrow literature from recent br...
