29 Result(s)
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Open AccessMucosal vaccines for SARS-CoV-2: scientific gaps and opportunities—workshop report
On November 7th and 8th, 2022, The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), The Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovation (CEPI), The...
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A multiclade env–gag VLP mRNA vaccine elicits tier-2 HIV-1-neutralizing antibodies and reduces the risk of heterologous SHIV infection in macaques
The development of a protective vaccine remains a top priority for the control of the HIV/AIDS pandemic. Here, we show that a messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccine co-expressing membrane-anchored HIV-1 envelope (Env) a...
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Distinct mechanisms of long-term virologic control in two HIV-infected individuals after treatment interruption of anti-retroviral therapy
Certain infected individuals suppress human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the absence of anti-retroviral therapy (ART). Elucidating the underlying mechanism(s) is of high interest. Here we present two contra...
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Novel vaccine technologies for the 21st century
Novel approaches to vaccine development include structure-based immunogen design, gene-based vaccine platforms and formulation of recombinant antigens with potent adjuvants. These technologies are producing en...
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HIV reservoirs as obstacles and opportunities for an HIV cure
The persistence of HIV reservoirs remains a barrier to sustained virologic remission in HIV-infected individuals after antiretroviral therapy is discontinued. Fauci and colleagues discuss the therapeutic strat...
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Targeting α4β7 integrin reduces mucosal transmission of simian immunodeficiency virus and protects gut-associated lymphoid tissue from infection
Aftab Ansari and his colleagues show that antibody-mediated masking of α4β7 integrin impedes intravaginal transmission of simian immunodeficiency virus in macaques.
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The HIV-1 envelope protein gp120 impairs B cell proliferation by inducing TGF-β1 production and FcRL4 expression
Antibody responses are impaired during HIV-1 infection. Cicala and colleagues show that the HIV-1 glycoprotein gp120 directly impairs B cell function by promoting expression of TGF-β and the inhibitory recepto...
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HIV-AIDS: much accomplished, much to do
As a result of decades of research-driven breakthroughs in basic and clinical science and recent advances in the broad-scale implementation of interventions for the prevention and treatment of infection with H...
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Open AccessHIV-1 envelope, integrins and co-receptor use in mucosal transmission of HIV
It is well established that HIV-1 infection typically involves an interaction between the viral envelope protein gp120/41 and the CD4 molecule followed by a second interaction with a chemokine receptor, usuall...
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Induction of unnatural immunity: prospects for a broadly protective universal influenza vaccine
The immune system normally responds to influenza virus by making neutralizing antibodies to regions of the viral spike, the hemagglutinin, that vary year to year. This natural response protects against circula...
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NIAID workshop on immunity to malaria: addressing immunological challenges
The US National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases convened a workshop of malaria investigators and immunologists to foster collaborations and attract more immunologists into malaria research. Discus...
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B cells in HIV infection and disease
HIV infection leads to perturbations of all of the main cell types of the immune system, including B cells. Most B-cell perturbations are associated with indir...
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HIV-1 envelope protein binds to and signals through integrin α4β7, the gut mucosal homing receptor for peripheral T cells
Infection with human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) results in the dissemination of virus to gut-associated lymphoid tissue. Subsequently, HIV-1 mediates massive depletion of gut CD4+ T cells, which contributes...
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The expanding global health agenda: a welcome development
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Immunology research: challenges and opportunities in a time of budgetary constraint
There have been enormous advances in the field of immunology over the past 3 decades, and those advances have had a positive effect on many subspecialties of medicine. Opportunities for even more notable advan...
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Erratum: NK cells in HIV infection: paradigm for protection or targets for ambush
Nature Reviews Immunology 5, 835–843 (2005) When published, the thirteenth row in table 1 contained incorrect information. The corrected row (together with the column headings) is shown below.
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NK cells in HIV infection: Paradigm for protection or targets for ambush
Natural killer (NK) cells are a subset of lymphoid cells that function as important mediators of the innate immune defence mechanisms against viruses and tumou...
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The global challenge of infectious diseases: the evolving role of the National Institutes of Health in basic and clinical research
The US has entered a new period of fiscal restraint. What does this mean for basic research? Anthony Fauci, director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, discusses the way forward for ...
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Reports on nevirapine threaten public health
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HIV and AIDS: 20 years of science
From the identification of HIV as the agent that causes AIDS, to the development of effective antiretroviral drugs, the scientific achievements in HIV research in the past 20 years have been formidable. Some o...
