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Open AccessAltered sensory system activity and connectivity patterns in adductor spasmodic dysphonia
Adductor-type spasmodic dysphonia (ADSD) manifests in effortful speech temporarily relievable by botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT-A). Previously, abnormal structure, phonation-related and resting-state sensor...
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Treatment of blepharospasm and Meige’s syndrome with abo- and onabotulinumtoxinA: long-term safety and efficacy in daily clinical practice
Thirty years after their approval, botulinum toxin injections still are the first-line therapy for blepharospasm. The aim of our study was to analyze long-term data concerning safety and efficacy in a large co...
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Treatment of cervical dystonia with abo- and onabotulinumtoxinA: long-term safety and efficacy in daily clinical practice
Treatment with botulinum toxin A is the evidence-based first-line therapy of cervical dystonia. The aim of this study was to analyze long-term data of the most commonly used products concerning safety and effi...
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Molecular diversity of combined and complex dystonia: insights from diagnostic exome sequencing
Combined and complex dystonias are heterogeneous movement disorders combining dystonia with other motor and/or systemic signs. Although we are beginning to understand the diverse molecular causes of these dise...
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Article
Open AccessAnalysis of smooth muscle function in IRAG knockout mice
