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Transforming Agri-crop Residue Biomass for Value Addition: An Innovative Strategy Toward Resilient Circular Economy
Cereal straws, such as barley straw, wheat straw, maize, corncobs, corn stove, miscanthus, rice straw, sugarcane bagasse, manure, seaweeds and algae, are the most common agricultural wastes. Burning agricultur...
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Nano Starch: A Review
A naturally occurring polymer, starch is used extensively in a variety of global sectors. Starch nanoparticles (SNPs) are often made in one of two ways: bottom-up or top-down. Smaller-sized SNPs can be produce...
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Modification of Nanocellulose
Nanocellulose (NC) represents a pivotal material for the sustainable strategies of the future. NC comprises cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs), cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), and bacterial nanocellulose (BNC), each ...
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Physical Conversion of Biomass: Dewatering, Drying, Size Reduction, Densification, and Separation
Due to its potential to lessen dependency on fossil fuels and alleviate environmental effects, biomass is increasingly being used as a feedstock for many industrial processes as well as a source of renewable e...
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Organic Chemical Compounds from Biomass
The utilization of renewable biomass as a source for producing organic chemical compounds has garnered significant attention due to the growing concern over depleting fossil resources and environmental sustain...
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Microbial Conversion of Biomass
Microbial conversion of biomass is a natural process of transformation of biological resources into energy and bioproducts. Lignocellulosic and starchy biomasses are among the most abundant and cheapest feedst...
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Biomass: Hydrogen and Methanol Production
Use of biomass as a feedstock for the generation of hydrogen and methanol has rekindled attention due to the growing demand for clean and sustainable energy sources. This chapter provides an in-depth analysis ...
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Chemical Composition of Biomass
Biomass is a renewable biological material made from recently alive or living organisms such as plants and animals. Biomass can be utilized to make biofuels such as biodiesel and ethanol and a source of energy...
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Proteins from Biomass Residue
The increasing demand for alternative proteins, driven by population growth, urbanization, and the growing popularity of vegetarian and vegan lifestyles, presents new challenges in ensuring future food securit...
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Biomass: State of the Art and New Challenges
The era demands the exploitation of renewable biomass resources to substitute the petroleum-based fossil resources to foster the living environmental condition of the current and future generation. The biomass...
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Chemical Properties of Biomass
This chapter presents the chemical properties of biomass. An overview of the main types of biomasses found and examples are discussed. The chemical composition of lignocellulosic and non-lignocellulosic biomas...
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Science and Technology of Seaweed
Seaweed biomass, a diverse and abundant marine resource, holds significant potential in the field of science and technology. This chapter provides an overview of the current state of research and development i...
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Science and Technology of Wool Fibers
Sheep wool is a valuable natural and renewable resource that is commonly utilized by the textile sector for producing clothing, carpets, socks, rugs, and also sometimes as fertilizers. Wool has gained use as a...
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Biomass from Terrestrial Environments
A terrestrial ecosystem depends exclusively on energy from the sun, which supports the growth and metabolism of the residing organisms. Producers or plants are the biomass factories absorbing sunlight, maintai...
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Science and Technology of Shellacs
The commercial form of lac resin, known as shellac, is composed of low molecular weight polyester macromolecules consisting inter- and intra-esters of polyhydroxy aliphatic and sesquiterpene acids. The excepti...
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Science and Technology of Collagen
Collagens constitute the major structural component of the extracellular matrix of every tissue and make up nearly one-third of the total human proteins. With a unique triple helical structure, and nearly 28 d...
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Lignocellulosic Biomass
Lignocellulose (LC) stands as Earth’s most abundant biomass and can be derived from various living organisms, with its primary source being the plant cell wall. Cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin are the ma...
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Extraction of Cellulose
The present chapter delves into the process of cellulose extraction from a range of sources employing a variety of techniques. Cellulose, being the predominant biopolymer present in substantial quantities on o...
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Microalgal Biomass: Introduction and Production Methods
Microalgae are a potential feedstock used for the generation of wide range of metabolic byproducts and value-added products. Compared to other plants that flourish on land, microalgae develop quickly with mini...
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Chemical Modifications of Biomass
Biomass is a renewable resource that has several potential end uses, such as chemicals, biofuels, and cutting-edge materials. The carbon dioxide produced during burning of biomass fuels has no effect on atmosp...