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The Broad Spectrum of Responses to Oxidative Stress in Proliferating Cells
Proliferating mammalian cells exhibit a broad spectrum of responses to oxidative stress, depending on the stress level encountered. Very low levels...
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Low Molecular Weight Antioxidants
Low molecular weight antioxidants are an important part of the antioxidative defense mechanisms of cells and organisms. This chapter gives a short...
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Environmental Oxidative Stress – Environmental Sources of ROS
Environmental factors are known sources for oxidative stress. In consequence of the numerous influences that define our environment, environmental...
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Endogenous Oxidant-Generating Systems
Although organisms respiring air oxygen use their energy sources in an optimal way they are threatened by the compulsory formation of reactive oxygen...
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Glutathione
Glutathione is the most abundant non-protein thiol in cells. It is a tripeptide with two important structural features: the thiol group and the...
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Modulation of Cellular Signaling Processes by Reactive Oxygen Species
Exposure of cells to reactive oxygen species (ROS) may result not only in cell death by excessive oxidation of biomolecules but also cause the...
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Chemical Modifications of Biomolecules by Oxidants
There is strong evidence in support of the oxidation of biomolecules during normal physiology and under conditions of environmental or pathological...
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DNA Repair: Mechanisms and Measurements
The early findings that significant amounts of modifications are induced to the cellular DNA both spontaneously and as a consequence of metabolism...
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Mitochondrial Free Radical Production, Antioxidant Defenses and Cell Signaling
Mitochondria were classically recognized as the organelles that produce the energy required to drive the endergonic processes of cell life, but now...
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Protein Repair and Degradation
Protein oxidation is one of the important processes taking place during oxidative stress. Numerous amino acids can be modified within proteins...
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Superoxide Dismutases and Catalase
Superoxide dismutases (SODs) and catalase represent the primary enzymatic defense against reactive oxygen species. Both enzymes are present in...
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Fatal Hemorrhage Complicating Intracranial Stenting After Failed Thrombectomy for Intracranial Atherosclerotic Stenosis in a Patient with Moderate Stroke: Risk Factors for Hemorrhagic Transformation, Red Flags, and Lessons Learned
Most large vessel occlusions (LVOs) are secondary to emboli of cardiac or cervical artery origin. Current stent retrieval and aspiration thrombectomy...
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Left Atrial Appendage Closure Periprocedural Imaging
Percutaneous left atrial appendage closure (LAAC) has become an important tool for stroke prevention in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation...
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General Benefits
To finalize the first volume of these guidelines we have to emphasize the issue of radiolucent lesion on non-vital tooth and to rearrange the top...
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Cervical Cancer Development, Screening, and Prevention
Cervical cancer ranks as the fourth most common cancer in women globally with an estimated 604,000 new cases and 342,000 deaths in 2020. Most cases...
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In Situ Characterization of Human Follicular Helper CD4 T Cells
The development of an effective humoral response to pathogens and immunogens is a multiphase biological process, which is mediated by the coordinated...
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Recent Advancements in Radiopharmaceuticals for Infection Imaging
COVID-19 pandemic has heightened the interest toward diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases. Nuclear medicine, with its powerful...
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Metabolic Analysis of Intracellular Pathogenic Bacteria Using NMR
Pathogen proliferation and virulence depend on available nutrients, and these vary when the pathogen moves from outside of the host cell...
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Determination of Tight Junction Integrity in Brain Endothelial Cells Based on Tight Junction Protein Expression
Blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction and hyperpermeability that occurs following traumatic and ischemic insults lead to various downstream ill...
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Evaluation of Tight Junction Integrity in Brain Endothelial Cells Using Confocal Microscopy
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a highly complex and dynamic microvascular barrier that protects the brain parenchyma from the entry of pathogens,...