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Chapter
Origin of new genes: evidence from experimental and computational analyses
Exon shuffling is an essential molecular mechanism for the formation of new genes. Many cases of exon shuffling have been reported in vertebrate genes. These discoveries revealed the importance of exon shuffli...
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Chapter
Insulin and IGF-I Analogs: Novel Approaches to Improved Insulin Pharmacokinetics
Current insulin formulations do not mimic the normal glucose-induced release of insulin by the pancreas in a physiological manner.1 One limitation is the delayed absorption of hexameric insulin from the subcutane...
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Chapter
Protein C: Gene Structure and Protein Synthesis
Protein C is a vitamin K-dependent plasma glycoprotein that, after activation by thrombin-thrombomodulin upon the endothelial cell surface, serves as a feedback down-regulator of the coagulation cascade by spe...
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Chapter
Genetic Aspects of Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation
Nitrogen fixation is the reduction of molecular dinitrogen (N2) to ammonia. This process, along with nitrate reduction, brings nitrogen from inorganic form into the organic world, for ammonia is the form of nitro...