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Efficiency of Aquatic Plants for Remediation of Wastewater

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Aquatic Macrophytes: Ecology, Functions and Services

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Abstract

Rampant industrialization, unplanned urbanization, and agricultural activities release an enormous quantity of contaminants in water which adversely affects social and economic development globally. Today, aquatic ecosystems are a major environmental threat due to inorganic (heavy metals and metalloids) and organic contaminants, especially in develo** countries. Heavy metals and POP are common environmental pollutants that affect soil, water, and air quality. Heavy metals are of high concern due to their persistent, carcinogenic, the potential of long-distance transport, and bioaccumulation in the food chain. Hence, wastewater must be treated up to adequate level before being discharged into the aquatic system. Traditional treatment approaches are not always very effective in wastewater remediation. Phytoremediation is an eco-friendly and economically sound technique, which has been accepted by several researchers as an alternative to the current high-cost cleanup methods. Aquatic plants are used in this technology to efficiently remove, detoxify, or immobilize heavy metals and persistent organic pollutants. Many aquatic plant species, particularly high growth-rate plants like macrophytes, are currently being studied to determine their potential and effectiveness for phytoremediation applications. Excess contaminants in domestic, agricultural, and industrial effluent, such as inorganic and organic pollutants, metals, and pharmaceutical pollutants, can be absorbed by aquatic plants. This chapter deliberates the phytoremediation potential of Eichhornia crassipes, Azolla, and duckweeds aquatic macrophytes.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Environmental Science, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Dhananjay Kumar, Urvashi Sharma, Aneet Kumar Yadav,  Anita & Narendra Kumar

  2. Department of Environmental Science, Dr. Rammanohar Lohia Avadh University, Ayodhya, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Vishal Singh

  3. Department of Geology, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Sanjeev Kumar

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  1. Department of Geology, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Sanjeev Kumar

  2. Department of Environmental Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Ranchi, India

    Kuldeep Bauddh

  3. Department of Environmental Science, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, India

    Ritu Singh

  4. Department of Environmental Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Narendra Kumar

  5. Department of Environmental Science, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, India

    Rajesh Kumar

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Kumar, D. et al. (2023). Efficiency of Aquatic Plants for Remediation of Wastewater. In: Kumar, S., Bauddh, K., Singh, R., Kumar, N., Kumar, R. (eds) Aquatic Macrophytes: Ecology, Functions and Services. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-3822-3_8

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