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Roles for Claudins in Regulating Lung Barriers and Function

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Tight Junctions

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Abstract

The lung is a unique barrier forming tissue that has a large surface area exposed to the outside environment and that requires exquisite fluid balance in order to be properly hydrated to enable efficient gas exchange between the atmosphere and the bloodstream. Central to the maintenance of a pulmonary air-liquid barrier are tight junctions. Different anatomic regions of the lung differ in tight junction protein composition and morphology. The epithelia can be broadly divided into the conducting airways and alveolar epithelium, both of which are composed of heterogeneous epithelial monolayers. The alveolar epithelium also coordinates with the pulmonary vasculature to maintain the air-liquid barrier. This chapter focuses specifically on claudin-family tight junction proteins, which have been shown to form paracellular ion channels with different characteristics, including the formation of charge-specific ion channels. How the context of claudin expression influences their role in control of paracellular permeability is discussed. In addition to their ability to control tight junction paracellular permeability, claudins serve several functions to regulate lung tissue repair and epithelial cell phenotype. The involvement of claudins in lung epithelial homeostasis, as well as their potential as therapeutic targets to prevent lung disease, is discussed.

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Acknowledgments

The section “Multiplicity of epithelial cells lining the respiratory tract” is excerpted from [131] with permission.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA

    Michael Koval

  2. Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA

    Michael Koval

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Correspondence to Michael Koval .

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  1. Department of Physiology, Biophysics, and Neuroscience, Center for Research and Advance Studies (Cinvestav), Mexico City, Mexico

    Lorenza González-Mariscal

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Koval, M. (2022). Roles for Claudins in Regulating Lung Barriers and Function. In: González-Mariscal, L. (eds) Tight Junctions. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-97204-2_10

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