Abstract
Man only began to protect and control the water he uses when he faced severe shortages of this resource. Due to permanent and accentuated droughts of nowadays, the preservation and sustainable management of water resources is a major issue for all countries. One of the solutions being considered for water management is the renewal of healthy purified water from and sewage and wastewater. This is a very beneficial technique for the human being that has also emerged as a result of ecological awareness. Actually, man uses pure water, but he then discharges part of it into the environment as wastewater rich in various organic and mineral pollutants. In this context, implementing all possible methods to establish an efficient wastewater treatment (WWT) process is a necessity. Begun in the nineteenth century, the first WWT systems focused at that time on sanitary and hygienic purposes. However, the increase in the need for purer water improved WWT techniques. This chapter introduces basic terms and concepts of sewage and its origins and types, and describes the processes of wastewater treatment. Very innovative techniques are constantly evolving and reflect a great challenge to deal with sewage and wastewater very rich in various organic and mineral pollutants. Various methods were developed with the technical and technological advancements of WWT. However, the wastewater treatment plants conventionally use in the first place a pretreatment followed by primary physicochemical treatment, then is added the secondary and final tertiary treatment aiming at eliminating as much as possible all the harmful matters. It is important to consider the introduction of new, sustainable, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly procedures to match requirements of the new lifestyles of the society. It is essential that future research projects focus on sustainable techniques of pure water renewal and reuse. This chapter presents an overview on sewage characteristics and some techniques used in sewage and WWT.
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Abbreviations
- AnMBR:
-
anaerobic membrane bioreactors
- AOPs:
-
advanced oxidation processes
- ASP:
-
activated sludge process
- BOD5:
-
five-day biochemical oxygen demand
- COD:
-
chemical oxygen demand
- GRP:
-
glass (fiber)-reinforced polyester
- MBBR:
-
moving bed biofilm reactor
- MLSS:
-
mixed liquor-suspended solids
- MREC:
-
microbial reverse-electrodialysis electrolysis cell
- PPP:
-
public-private partnership
- RBC:
-
rotating biological contactor
- SS:
-
sewage sludge
- WWT:
-
wastewater treatment
- WWTP:
-
wastewater treatment plant
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Boudjabi, S., Ababsa, N., Chenchouni, H. (2022). Sewage and Sewage Treatment. In: The Palgrave Handbook of Global Sustainability. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-38948-2_50-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-38948-2_50-1
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Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-38948-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-38948-2
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