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A comprehensive review on integration of receiver geometries, nanofluids, and efficient thermal energy storage for solar parabolic dish collectors

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Abstract

Solar energy has received substantial attention as a source of clean and sustainable power. Among various techniques, solar parabolic dish collectors (PDCs) show significant promise in effectively harnessing solar energy. However, maximizing their thermal efficiency requires overcoming challenges like heat loss and solar intermittency. This review article critically analyzes recent advancements in PDC technology, particularly those focused on improving thermal performance. Specifically, we have explored advancements in receiver geometries, integration of thermal energy storage, and the utilization of nanofluids as heat transfer fluids (HTFs). Our review method involves examining the effectiveness of various receiver geometries, from traditional designs to creative new configurations, within PDC systems. Furthermore, the paper investigates the potential of employing nanofluids as HTFs in different receiver geometries to enhance the overall thermal performance. As a novel contribution, we propose the synergistic integration of optimized receiver geometries, nanofluids, and phase change materials for thermal energy storage within PDCs. This innovative approach has the potential to revolutionize PDC technology by minimizing heat loss, improving heat transfer, and mitigating the impact of solar intermittency. Finally, the review identifies challenges associated with PDC technology and explores how integration with these advanced strategies can contribute to more efficient and sustainable energy conversion.

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Abbreviations

A :

Area, m2

A dish :

Aperture area of the parabolic dish collector, m2

A rec. :

Area of receiver, m2

A s :

Surface area of receiver, m2

a :

Semiminor axis, m

b :

Major axis, m

C :

Geometric concentration ratio

C p :

Specific heat, kJ/kg.K

C irr :

Irradiation concentration ratio

D dish :

Diameter of dish, m

D o :

Diameter of the inner hole of the dish aperture, m

D rec. :

Diameter of receiver, m

D h :

Hydraulic diameter, m

d :

Diameter, m

E s :

Solar energy flux, W

E u :

Usable exergy output, W

\(\overrightarrow{F}\) :

Force, N

F :

Shape factor, geometric factor

F R :

Heat removal factor

f :

Focal length of parabolic dish collector, m

LPG:

Liquid petroleum gas

g :

Acceleration due to gravity, m/s2

Gr:

Grashof number

h :

Heat transfer coefficient, W/m2.K

H :

Height of parabolic dish collector, m

I S :

Direct normal irradiance, W/m2

k :

Thermal conductivity, W/m.K

K B :

Boltzmann constant, J/K

L :

Length of cylindrical receiver, m

m :

Mass flow rate, kg/s

Nu:

Nusselt number

Nueq. :

Equivalent Nusselt number

N RC :

Radiation conduction number

P :

Pressure, N/m2

Pr:

Prandtl number

∆P :

Pressure drop, kPa

Q s :

Incident energy from sun, W

Q r :

Energy available at receiver, W

Q u :

Useful heat gain, W

Q loss :

Heat loss, W

Ra:

Rayleigh number

Re:

Reynolds number

∆S :

Entropy increase, J/K

T :

Temperature, K

T R :

Temperature ratio

u :

Velocity, m/s

U L :

Overall heat loss coefficient, W/m2.K

x :

Thickness, m

μ :

Dynamic viscosity, N.s/m2

μ′ :

Dynamic viscosity of drop, N.s/m2

π :

Constant Pi

η :

Efficiency, %

δ :

Solar declination angle, °

ϕ rim :

Rim angle of parabolic dish collector, °

ϕ :

Nanoparticle concentration

ϕ m :

Maximum concentration at which flow can occur

θ :

Half acceptance angle, °

ρ :

Density, kg/m3

ρ c :

Reflectivity of collector

ε v :

Intrinsic viscosity of the suspension, m2/kg

ε :

Emissivity

ε eff :

Effective emissivity

ε s :

Actual emissivity of the cavity inner surfaces

σ :

Stefan–Boltzmann constant, W/m2.K4

β :

Ratio of the nanolayer thickness to the particle radius

ξ :

Receiver inclination angle, °

α :

Fan-shaped unfilled angle, °

α eff :

Effective absorptivity

α s :

Absorptivity of radiative surface

α c :

Absorptivity of collector

τ :

Transmissivity

(τα):

Effective transmittance–absorptance product

amb:

Ambient

ap:

Cavity aperture

av:

Average

bf:

Basefluid

com:

Combined

conv:

Convection

cond:

Conduction

dr:

Drift

eq.:

Equivalent

ex:

Exergy

ex, Surface:

Exterior cavity surface

f :

Fluid

forced:

Forced convection

o :

Outlet

i :

Inlet

ins:

Insulation

mf:

Mean fluid

nat :

Natural

nf:

Nanofluid

np :

Nanoparticle

opt, conc:

Optical, concentrator

opt, rec:

Optical, receiver

out:

Exterior of an insulated receiver

rad:

Radiative

rad, em:

Radiation losses due to emission

rad, ref:

Radiation losses due to reflection

rec:

Receiver

S :

Surface

th:

Thermal

∞ :

Ambient air

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    Yogesh N. Nandanwar & Pramod V. Walke

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Yogesh N. Nandanwar contributed to writing—original draft and methodology. Pramod V. Walke performed writing—review and editing, and supervision.

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Nandanwar, Y.N., Walke, P.V. A comprehensive review on integration of receiver geometries, nanofluids, and efficient thermal energy storage for solar parabolic dish collectors. J Braz. Soc. Mech. Sci. Eng. 46, 480 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40430-024-05034-2

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