Abstract
The daily increase in the demand for energy consumption is partly caused by the global population explosion and advancements in technology. Humanity relies on energy to fulfil its daily routines, such as electricity for lighting, heating, cooling, and running electronic devices. There are continuous attempts by researchers and industry experts to optimize and enhance the efficiency of various sustainable energy generation devices. Solar collectors play a critical role in the renewable energy sector, which is vital in hel** the world achieve a clean, green, and sustainable environment. Over the last two decades, researchers have made significant efforts to explore various techniques for enhancing the effectiveness of solar thermal collectors. Their effort has been centered around improving the fluid thermal properties, which act as the heat transfer medium in solar collectors. The discovery of nanofluids will help resolve some of the challenges associated with conventional fluid used in solar collectors. Enhancement through nanofluids is influenced by several factors, which include nanoparticle types, nanoparticle concentration, base fluid, and the purpose of its application. This review provides a technical summary of the application of nanofluids in the two main types of collectors: non-concentrating and concentrated thermal collectors. Findings from this study showed that TiO2 + Cu hybrid nanofluids with a mass fraction of 0.03 augment heat transfer coefficient by 21% in parabolic trough collectors. The merits of employing nanofluids as heat transfer fluids in solar collectors are examined, while also outlining the obstacles and areas where further research is needed.
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Abbreviations
- HTF:
-
Heat transfer fluid
- ETSC:
-
Evacuated tube solar collector
- PTSC:
-
Parabolic trough solar collector
- DASC:
-
Direct absorption solar collector
- FPSC:
-
Flat plate solar collector
- CPC:
-
Compound parabolic concentrators
- SOHTF:
-
Synthetic oil heat transfer fluid
- DSG:
-
Direct steam generation
- CNTs:
-
Carbon nanotubes
- MWCNTs:
-
Multiwalled carbon nanotubes
- GNP:
-
Graphene nanoplatelets
- SWCNT:
-
Single-walled carbon nanotube
- BOBRT:
-
Bayesian optimized boosted regression tree
- CFD:
-
Computational fluids dynamics
- HTC:
-
Heat transfer coefficient
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Lukman Ahmed Omeiza, Yathavan Subramanian, and Anitha Dhanasekaran express their gratitude to the Universiti of Brunei Darussalam for the award of the University Graduate Scholarship (UGS).
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Lukman Ahmed Omeiza, Anitha Dhanasekaran, and Yathavan Subramanian: original draft and material sourcing. Saifullah Abu Bakar and Muhammad Abid: editing and reviewing of the original draft. Muhammed Abid and Abul Kalam Azad: project supervisor.
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Highlights
• The advent of nanofluids has brought tremendous improvements to solar collectors.
• Understanding the thermal behavior of nanofluids is an essential factor needed for their commercialization.
• The stability of nanofluids is crucial to maintaining their thermophysical properties.
• Solar collectors utilizing nanofluids have the capability to capture a greater amount of solar energy than traditional solar collectors.
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Omeiza, L.A., Abid, M., Subramanian, Y. et al. Challenges, limitations, and applications of nanofluids in solar thermal collectors—a comprehensive review. Environ Sci Pollut Res (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-30656-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-30656-9