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Efficient removal of methylene blue dye by iron nanoparticles synthesized by a novel green method using jujube leaf extract: characterization, kinetics, and isotherm studies

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Abstract

The most promising eco-friendly green synthesized iron nanoparticles (FeNPs) using jujube leaf extract to decolorize methylene blue (MB) dye was established. Synthesized nanoparticles were characterized through different techniques like TEM, SEM, and FTIR. Various parameters such as dye concentration (5 to 20 mg L−1), nanoparticles load (0.5 to 2.5 mg), temperature, pH, and contact time (30 to 150 min) were optimized. A maximum MB dye removal efficiency of 93.5% is achieved at a time interval of 150 min, temperature 30 °C and pH 9 with 2.5 mg FeNPs for a concentration of 20-mgL−1 methylene blue. The adsorption behavior was monitored using a wide range of isotherm models which includes Freundlich, Dubinin–Radushkevich, Langmuir, and Temkin. The Elovich and intraparticle diffusion models, as well as the dynamical models of pseudo-first- and pseudo-second order has been analyzed for the data obtained from dynamic adsorption. Experimental results were consistent along the paradigm of pseudo-second order. Langmuir adsorption isotherm well suited for adsorption data across exclusive concentration range in comparison to other models. The green synthesized FeNPs has high sorption capacity (1000 mg/g) and environmentally friendly in nature, makes it a potential candidate for wastewater treatment applications.

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Data availability

The dataset generated and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author [M. Rengasamy], upon reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are thankful to the Bharathidasan Institute of Technology (BIT) Campus, Anna University, Trichirapalli-620 024 and Annamalai University, Annamalai nagar, Chidambram, India, for the technical support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Civil Engineering, University College of Engineering-BIT Campus, Anna University, Tiruchirappalli, 620 024, India

    G. Venkatesan & S. Koteshwaran

  2. Department of Petrochemical Technology, University College of Engineering-BIT Campus, Anna University, Tiruchirappalli, 620 024, India

    M. Rengasamy & Panchamoorthy Saravanan

  3. Department of Chemical Engineering, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Chidambaram, India

    R. Rajeshkannan, V. Saravanan & M. Rajasimman

  4. Department of Chemical Engineering, St. Joseph’s College of Engineering, Chennai, India

    S. Sujatha

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Venkatesan, G., Koteshwaran, S., Rengasamy, M. et al. Efficient removal of methylene blue dye by iron nanoparticles synthesized by a novel green method using jujube leaf extract: characterization, kinetics, and isotherm studies. Biomass Conv. Bioref. (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-023-05071-2

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