Abstract
Nepal has experienced several earthquakes. However, there are only a few time history records of these events. In the last 100 years, the country has witnessed two major earthquakes in 1934 and 2015: the 1934 Nepal–Bihar earthquake and the 2015 Gorkha earthquake. This study aims to simulate the 1934 Nepal–Bihar earthquake in Kathmandu using a deterministic approach. The maximum peak ground acceleration (PGA), response spectrum, Fourier spectrum, predominant period, and mean time period of the simulated earthquake were provided. The validity of the simulation approach was verified by comparing the ground motion parameters of the simulated 2015 Gorkha earthquake with those of the recorded time history. The maximum PGA of the simulated 1934 Nepal–Bihar earthquake in Kathmandu was 0.273 g, which is comparable to the value obtained from the intensity–PGA relationship. The significant duration of earthquakes in Nepal was also compared to that of the other subduction zone earthquakes. It was found that the earthquakes in Nepal lasted longer.
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Acknowledgements
The National Reconstruction Authority (NRA), which provided information on the 2015 Nepal earthquake's damage, is acknowledged by the writers. The Pulchowk Campus, Department of Civil Engineering, is also to be thanked for its unwavering assistance throughout the research.
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All authors contributed to the study conception and design. SG and HRP prepared the materials, collected data, and conducted the analysis. SG wrote the original draft of the manuscript, while the other authors provided feedback on earlier drafts. All the authors have read and approved the final manuscript.
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Ghimire, S., Parajuli, H.R. & Maskey, P.N. Simulation of the 1934 Nepal–Bihar earthquake in Kathmandu. Nat Hazards 120, 5369–5384 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-023-06400-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-023-06400-4