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Pipecolic acid confers defence tolerance against Ralstonia solanacearum, the causal agent of bacterial wilt, by altering defence enzymes in tomato

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Abstract

l-Pipecolic acid (Pip), a non-protein amino acid derived from lysine, plays a crucial role in regulating plant disease resistance. Ralstonia solanacearum, a bacterium that causes bacterial wilt which affects many commercially relevant plants by reducing the output as much as 90%. The goal of the current study was to identify potential applications for Pip in tomato plant defense and bacterial wilt prevention. Two tomato varieties, one susceptible to wilt and the other tolerant were compared in terms of Pip’s effects, a key signaling molecule in the defense against Ralstonia solanacearum infection. Several biochemical markers, including phenolic compounds and antioxidant enzymes, are influenced when Pip is applied as foliar spray. At 0, 24, 48, and 72 h after spraying, the antioxidant (CAT, SOD, and GPx) and non-antioxidative enzyme activities in the leaves of resistant (GAT-5) and susceptible (GT-2) cultivars were examined. Here, we describe how 1 mM Pip improved resistance to R. solanacearum in two local varieties: GT-2 (Susceptible) and GAT-5 (tolerant). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation was decreased in plants infected with R. solanacearum, whereas the activity of defense-related enzymes increased. The enzymatic activity of GAT-5 was maximum between 24 and 72-h post-spray (hps), as indicated by increase in the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and catalase (CAT). These findings demonstrate that tomato plant develop resistance to R. solanacearum following exogenous Pip treatment, possibly through regulating ROS generation in plants, a critical aspect of the plant's defense against pathogen invasion.

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The data supporting the conclusions of this article are included within the article. Any queries regarding this data may be directed to the corresponding author.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to Dr. Rajesh Acharya for providing seeds of tomato plant variety of Main Vegetable Research Station, Anand Agricultural University. The authors would like to thank Dr. Ghanshyam B. Patil, Head, and Dr. R.R. Prajapati, Research Associate from the Centre for Advanced Research in Plant Tissue Culture, Department of Agriculture Biotechnology, for assistance in the field work. The authors wish to thank Dr. Mounil Mankad for their contributions in conducting the bioassays at Centre for Advance Research in Plant Tissue Culture and Department of Nanotechnology, Anand Agriculture University, 388110 Gujarat, India. We are grateful to Dr. Ankit Sudhir (GSFC University, Vadodara, Gujarat, India) for their professional and technical support.

Funding

The authors are highly thankful to the SHODH – (Scheme of Develo** High-Quality Research) Education Department, Gujarat State, India for financial support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. P. G. Department of Biosciences, Centre of Advanced Studies, Sardar Patel University, Satellite Campus, Sardar Patel Maidan, Bakrol, Vadtal Road, P.O. Box 39, Vallabh Vidyanagar, 388120, Gujarat, India

    Usha Sabharwal & R. B. Subramanian

  2. Parul Institue of Applied Sciences, Parul University, Waghodia, P.O. Limda, Vadodara, 391760, Gujarat, India

    Usha Sabharwal & Saurabh kumar Mehta

  3. Department of Biotechnology, AKS University, Sherganj, Panna Road, Satna, 485001, Madhya Pradesh, India

    Piyush Kant Rai

  4. Centyle Biotech Private Limited, Rudrapur, 263153, Uttrakhand, India

    Piyush Tiwari & Kamlesh Choure

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  1. Usha Sabharwal
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  3. Piyush Tiwari
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  6. R. B. Subramanian
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Contributions

Usha Sabharwal performed the experiments, analyzed the data, and drafted the manuscript. Prof. R.B. Subramanian designed and conceived the idea and critically revised the manuscript. Approved the version to be published; and agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved. Piyush Kant Rai and Kamlesh Choure: Substantial contributions to the interpretation of data for the work. Piyush Tiwari and Saurabh Kumar Mehta: Substantial contributions to the conception of the work and revision of the manuscript.

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Sabharwal, U., Rai, P.K., Tiwari, P. et al. Pipecolic acid confers defence tolerance against Ralstonia solanacearum, the causal agent of bacterial wilt, by altering defence enzymes in tomato. Vegetos (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42535-024-00894-4

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