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Exogenously applied plant growth regulator protects rice from heat-induced damage by modulating plant defense mechanism

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Abstract

This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of biostimulants such as spermidine (1 mM, 2 mM), indole-3-acetic acid (10–3 M, 10–5 M), brassinolide (1 mg/L, 2 mg/L) and boron (50 mg/L, 100 mg/L) on protecting rice plants from heat-induced damage. Two rice genotypes, Nagina 22 (heat tolerant) and Manu Ratna (heat susceptible), primed with biostimulant solution were germinated, 14-day-old seedlings were further foliar sprayed with respective treatment solutions prior to the induction of heat stress (42 °C, 48 h). Heat stress-induced fatal damages to non-biostimulant-treated rice seedlings, whereas biostimulant-treated ones were protected from heat stress-induced damages, marked by lower levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), H2O2 coupled with increased levels of seedling vigour index (SVI), chlorophyll and proline contents. Results showed that 1 mM spermidine (Spd) and 10–5 M indole-3-acetic acid (IAA)-treated rice seedlings showed increased heat tolerance and were evaluated for its effect at reproductive stage stress in a pot culture study. At the panicle initiation stage, plants were pretreated with 1 mM Spd and 10–5 M IAA followed by the induction of heat stress, kee** it in a temperature-controlled polyhouse (42.1 °C, till the time of harvest). Spd- and IAA-pretreated heat-exposed plants exhibited yield improvement over control by altering physiological, biochemical and molecular mechanisms. Therefore, we conclude from our results that foliar IAA or Spd applications can be regarded as an agronomic strategy for mitigating the adverse effects of heat stress conditions on rice plants.

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Abbreviations

Spd:

Spermidine

IAA:

Indole-3-acetic acid

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

SOD:

Superoxide dismutase

CAT:

Catalase

MDA:

Malondialdehyde

CMSI:

Cell membrane stability index

SVI:

Seedling vigor index

HT:

High temperature

Pro:

Proline

Chl:

Chlorophyll

B:

Boron

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank Kerala Agricultural University for providing all the facilities.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Plant Physiology, College of Agriculture Vellayani, Kerala Agricultural University, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695522, India

    R. Beena & M. M. Viji

  2. Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture Vellayani, Kerala Agricultural University, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695522, India

    G. Lakshmi & K. B. Soni

  3. Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Indian Institute of Pulse Research, Kanpur, India

    Uday Chand Jha

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  1. G. Lakshmi
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by (Lakshmi G.), (Dr.Beena R.), (Dr.Soni K.B..), (Dr.Viji, M.M.) and Dr.Uday Chand Jha). The first draft of the manuscript was written by (Lakshmi G.) and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to R. Beena.

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Lakshmi, G., Beena, R., Soni, K.B. et al. Exogenously applied plant growth regulator protects rice from heat-induced damage by modulating plant defense mechanism. J. Crop Sci. Biotechnol. 26, 63–75 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12892-022-00162-4

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