Abstract
Textile and dyeing industries use various synthetic dyes. Effluents, containing 5–10% of dyestuffs, are usually discharged into natural water bodies. Conventional biological systems are not efficient for bioremediation and decolorization of dyes.
Fungi especially white rot fungi and their enzymes (laccase, lignin peroxidase, and Mn peroxidase) can be used to bioremediate various xenobiotics and wastewaters. Therefore, white rot fungi and/or their enzymes especially laccase may be an alternative biological system to bioremediate, decolorize, and detoxify textile dyes in water bodies originating from textile manufacturing facilities.
In this chapter, the textile dye bioremediation, decolorization, and detoxification abilities of white rot fungi are reviewed. Given the wide application of laccases in textile dye bioremediation and decolorization, the mechanism and role of these enzymes are also discussed. Further, the effects of immobilization, enzyme mediators, and various conditions are evaluated. The advantages and disadvantages of treatment methods are also given.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Adak A, Tiwari R, Singh S, Sharma S, Nain L (2016) Laccase production by a novel white-rot fungus Pseudolagarobasidium acaciicola LA 1 through solid-state fermentation of Parthenium biomass and its application in dyes decolorization. Waste Biomass Valor 7:1427–1435
Akdogan HA, Topuz MC (2014) Decolorization of turquoise blue HFG by Coprinus plicatilis for water bioremediation. Biorem J 18:287–294
Apohan E, Yesilada O (2005) Role of white rot fungus Funalia trogii in detoxification of textile dyes. J Basic Microbiol 45:99–105
Asgher M, Noreen S, Bilal M (2017) Enhancing catalytic functionality of Trametes versicolor IBL-04 laccase by immobilization on chitosan microspheres. Chem Eng Res Des 119:1–11
Banat IM, Nigam P, Singh D, Marchant R (1996) Microbial decolorization of textile-dye containing effluents: a review. Bioresour Technol 58:217–227
Birhanli E, Yesilada O (2006) Increased production of laccase by pellets of Funalia trogii ATCC 200800 and Trametes versicolor ATCC 200801 in repeated-batch mode. Enzym Microb Technol 39:1286–1293
Birhanli E, Yesilada O (2013) The utilization of lignocellulosic wastes for laccase production under semisolid-state and submerged fermentation conditions. Turk J Biol 37:450–456
Birhanli E, Erdogan S, Yesilada O, Onal Y (2013) Laccase production by newly isolated white rot fungus Funalia trogii: effect of immobilization matrix on laccase production. Biochem Eng J 71:134–139
Bligny R, Gaillard J, Douce R (1986) Excretion of laccase by sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus L) cells effects of a copper deficiency. Biochem J 237:583–588
Boehmer U, Suhardi SH, Bley T (2006) Decolorizing reactive textile dyes with white-rot fungi by temporary immersion cultivation. Eng Life Sci 6:417–420
Boran F, Yesilada O (2011) Enhanced production of laccase by fungi under solid substrate fermentation condition. Bioresources 6:4404–4416
Camarero S, Ibarra D, Martínez MJ, Martínez ÁT (2005) Lignin-derived compounds as efficient laccase mediators for decolorization of different types of recalcitrant dyes. Appl Environ Microbiol 71:1775–1784
Cañas AI, Camarero S (2010) Laccases and their natural mediators: biotechnological tools for sustainable eco-friendly processes. Biotechnol Adv 28:694–705
Casieri L, Varese GC, Anastasi A, Prigione V, Svobodová K, Marchisio VF, Novotný C (2008) Decolorization and detoxication of reactive industrial dyes by immobilized fungi Trametes pubescens and Pleurotus ostreatus. Folia Microbiol 53:44–52
Cerrón LM, Romero-Suárez D, Vera N, Ludeña Y, Villena GK, Gutiérrez-Correa M (2015) Decolorization of textile reactive dyes and effluents by biofilms of Trametes polyzona LMB-TM5 and Ceriporia sp LMB-TM1 isolated from the Peruvian rainforest. Water Air Soil Pollut 226:235–247
Chen SH, Ting ASY (2015) Biodecolorization and biodegradation potential of recalcitrant triphenylmethane dyes by Coriolopsis sp. isolated from compost. J Environ Manage 150:274–280
Chhabra M, Mishra S, Sreekrishnan TR (2015) Immobilized laccase mediated dye decolorization and transformation pathway of azo dye acid red 27. J Environ Health Sci 13:38–46
Cing S, Yesilada O (2004) Astrazon Red dye decolorization by growing cells and pellets of Funalia trogii. J Basic Microbiol 44:263–269
Cing S, Asma D, Apohan E, Yesilada O (2003) Decolorization of textile dyeing wastewater by Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Folia Microbiol 48:639–642
Claus H (2004) Laccases: structure, reactions, distribution. Micron 35:93–96
Daâssi D, Mechichi T, Nasri M, Rodriguez-Couto S (2013) Decolorization of the metal textile dye Lanaset Grey G by immobilized white-rot fungi. J Environ Manag 129:324–332
Desai SS, Nityanand C (2011) Microbial laccases and their applications: a review. Asian J Biotechnol 3:98–124
Eichlerová I, Homolka L, Nerud F (2006) Synthetic dye decolorization capacity of white rot fungus Dichomitus squalens. Bioresour Technol 97:2153–2159
Eichlerová I, Homolka L, Benada O, Kofroñova O, Hubálek T, Nerud F (2007a) Decolorization of orange G and remazol brilliant blue R by the white rot fungus Dichomitus squalens: toxicological evaluation and morphological study. Chemosphere 69:795–802
Eichlerová I, Homolka L, Nerud F (2007b) Decolorization of high concentrations of synthetic dyes by the white rot fungus Bjerkandera adusta strain CCBAS 232. Dyes Pigments 75:38–44
Enayatzamir K, Alikhani HA, Yakhchali B, Tabandeh F, Rodriguez-Couto S (2010) Decolouration of azo dyes by Phanerochaete chrysosporium immobilised into alginate beads. Environ Sci Pollut Res 17:145–153
Erkurt EA, Unyayar A, Kumbur H (2007) Decolorization of synthetic dyes by white rot fungi, involving laccase enzyme in the process. Process Biochem 42:1429–1435
Faraco V, Pezzella C, Miele A, Giardina P, Sannia G (2009) Bio-remediation of colored industrial wastewaters by the white-rot fungi Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Pleurotus ostreatus and their enzymes. Biodegradation 20:209–220
Gomashe AV, Dharmik PG (2014) Synthetic dye decolourization activity of laccase enzyme: a novel approach to brawl against environment pollution. Indian J Appl Res 4:23–25
Grassi E, Scodeller P, Filiel N, Carballo R, Levin L (2011) Potential of Trametes trogii culture fluids and its purified laccase for the decolorization of different types of recalcitrant dyes without the addition of redox mediators. Int Biodeterior Biodegrad 65:635–643
Hadibarata T, Tachibana S (2009) Decolorization of remazol briliant blue R by laccase from white rot fungus Polyporus sp. S133. Indones J Biotechnol 14:1162–1168
Hadibarata T, Adnan LA, Yusoff ARM, Yuniarto A, Rubiyatno, Zubir MMFA, Khudhair AB, Teh ZC, Naser MA (2013) Microbial decolorization of an azo dye reactive black 5 using white-rot fungus Pleurotus eryngii F032. Water Air Soil Pollut 224:1595–1603
Heinfling A, Bergbauer M, Szewzyk U (1997) Biodegradation of azo and phthalocyanine dyes by Trametes versicolor and Bjerkandera adusta. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 48:261–266
Ilk S, Demircan D, Saglam S, Saglam N, Rzayev ZMO (2016) Immobilization of laccase onto a porous nanocomposite: application for textile dye degradation. Turk J Chem 40:262–276
Janusz G, Kucharzyk KH, Pawlik A, Staszczak M, Paszczynski AJ (2013) Fungal laccase, manganese peroxidase and lignin peroxidase: gene expression and regulation. Enzym Microb Technol 52:1–12
Jones SM, Solomon EI (2015) Electron transfer and reaction mechanism of laccases. Cell Mol Life Sci 72:869–883
Kahraman S, Yesilada O (2001) Industrial and agricultural wastes as substrates for laccase production by white-rot fungi. Folia Microbiol 46:133–136
Kariminiaae-Hamedaani HR, Sakurai A, Sakakibara M (2007) Decolorization of synthetic dyes by a new manganese peroxidase-producing white rot fungus. Dyes Pigments 72:157–162
Kiernan JA (2001) Classification and naming of dyes, stains and fluorochromes. Biotech Histochem 76:261–278
Kiran S, Ali S, Asgher M, Anwar F (2012) Comparative study on decolorization of reactive dye 222 by white rot fungi Pleurotus ostreatus IBL-02 and Phanerochaete chrysosporium IBL-03. Afr J Microbiol Res 6:3639–3650
Knapp JS, Zhang FM, Tapley KN (1997) Decolourisation of orange II by a wood-rotting fungus. J Chem Technol Biotechnol 69:289–296
Kunamneni A, Ballesteros A, Plou FJ, Alcalde M (2007) Fungal laccase-a versatile enzyme for biotechnological applications. In: Mendez-Vilas A (ed) Communicating current research and educational topics and trends in applied microbiology, vol 1. Formatex, Badajoz, pp 233–245
Kunjadia PD, Patel FD, Nagee A, Mukhopadhyaya PN, Dave GS (2012) Crystal violet (triphenylmethane dye) decolorization potential of Pleurotus ostreatus (MTCC 142). Bioresources 7:1189–1199
Kunjadia PD, Sanghvi GV, Kunjadia AP, Mukhopadhyay PN, Dave GS (2016) Role of ligninolytic enzymes of white rot fungi (Pleurotus spp.) grown with azo dyes. Springerplus 5:1487–1495
Levin L, Melignani E, Ramos AM (2010) Effect of nitrogen sources and vitamins on ligninolytic enzyme production by some white-rot fungi. Dye decolorization by selected culture filtrates. Bioresour Technol 101:4554–4563
Li K, Xu F, Eriksson KEL (1999) Comparison of fungal laccases and redox mediators in oxidation of a nonphenolic lignin model compound. Appl Environ Microbiol 65:2654–2660
Li HX, Zhang RJ, Tang L, Zhang JH, Mao ZG (2014) In vivo and in vitro decolorization of synthetic dyes by laccase from solid state fermentation with Trametes sp SYBC-L4. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 37:2597–2605
Lin JP, Lian W, **a LM, Cen PL (2003) Production of laccase by Coriolus versicolor and its application in decolorization of dyestuffs: (II) decolorization of dyes by laccase containing fermentation broth with or without self-immobilized mycelia. J Environ Sci (China) 15:5–8
Lu R, Ma L, He F, Yu D, Fan R, Zhang Y, Long Z, Zhang X, Yang Y (2016) White-rot fungus Ganoderma sp.En3 had a strong ability to decolorize and tolerate the anthraquinone, indigo and triphenylmethane dye with high concentrations. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 39:381–390
Ma L, Zhuo R, Liu H, Yu D, Jiang M, Zhang X, Yang Y (2014) Efficient decolorization and detoxification of the sulfonated azo dye reactive orange 16 and simulated textile wastewater containing reactive orange 16 by the white-rot fungus Ganoderma sp En3 isolated from the forest of Tzu-chin mountain in China. Biochem Eng J 82:1–9
Madhavi V, Lele SS (2009) Laccase: properties and applications. Bioresources 4:1694–1717
Majeau JA, Brar SK, Tyagi RD (2010) Laccases for removal of recalcitrant and emerging pollutants. Bioresour Technol 101:2331–2350
Mazmanci MA, Unyayar A (2005) Decolourisation of reactive black 5 by Funalia trogii immobilised on Luffa cylindrica sponge. Process Biochem 40:337–342
Michniewicz A, Ledakowicz S, Ullrich R, Hofrichter M (2008) Kinetics of the enzymatic decolorization of textile dyes by laccase from Cerrena unicolor. Dyes Pigments 77:295–302
Moilanen U, Osma JF, Winquist E, Leisola M, Rodriguez-Couto S (2010) Decolorization of simulated textile dye baths by crude laccases from Trametes hirsuta and Cerrena unicolor. Eng Life Sci 10:242–247
Moreira S, Milagres AMF, Mussatto SI (2014) Reactive dyes and textile effluent decolorization by a mediator system of salt-tolerant laccase from Peniophora cinerea. Sep Purif Technol 135:183–189
Mota TR, Kato CG, Peralta RA, Bracht A, De Morais GR, Baesso ML, De Souza CGM, Peralta RM (2015) Decolourization of Congo red by Ganoderma lucidum laccase: evaluation of degradation products and toxicity. Water Air Soil Pollut 226:351–361
Murugesan K, Nam IH, Kim YM, Chang YS (2007) Decolorization of reactive dyes by a thermostable laccase produced by Ganoderma lucidum in solid state culture. Enzym Microb Technol 40:1662–1672
Nigam P, Armour G, Banat IM, Singh D, Marchant R (2000) Physical removal of textile dyes from effluents and solid-state fermentation of dye-adsorbed agricultural residues. Bioresour Technol 72:219–226
Novotný Č, Trošt N, Šušla M, Svobodová K, Mikesková H, Válková H, Malachová K, Pavko A (2012) The use of the fungus Dichomitus squalens for degradation in rotating biological contactor conditions. Bioresour Technol 114:241–246
Ozmen N, Yesilada O (2012) Valorization and biodecolorization of dye adsorbed on lignocellulosics using white rot fungi. Bioresour Technol 7:1656–1665
Papinutti VL, Forchiassin F (2004) Modification of malachite green by Fomes sclerodermeus and reduction of toxicity to Phanerochaete chrysosporium. FEMS Microbiol Lett 231: 205–209
Papinutti L, Martínez MJ (2006) Production and characterization of laccase and manganese peroxidase from the ligninolytic fungus Fomes sclerodermeus. J Chem Technol Biotechnol 81:1064–1070
Pardo I, Camarero S (2015) Laccase engineering by rational and evolutionary design. Cell Mol Life Sci 72:897–910
Park C, Lee M, Lee B, Kim SW, Chase HA, Lee J, Kim S (2007) Biodegradation and biosorption for decolorization of synthetic dyes by Funalia trogii. Biochem Eng J 36:59–65
Prasad R (2017) Mycoremediation and environmental sustainability. Springer International Publishing AG. Cham. (ISBN 978-3-319-68957-9)
Ratanapongleka K, Phetsom J (2014) Decolorization of synthetic dyes by crude laccase from Lentinus polychrous Lev. Int J Chem Eng Appl 5:26–30
Revankar MS, Lele SS (2006) Enhanced production of laccase using a new isolate of white rot fungus WR-1. Process Biochem 41:581–588
Revankar MS, Lele SS (2007) Synthetic dye decolorization by white rot fungus, Ganoderma sp WR-1. Bioresour Technol 98:775–780
Robinson T, Nigam PS (2008) Remediation of textile dye waste water using a white-rot fungus Bjerkandera adusta through solid-state fermentation (SSF). Appl Biochem Biotechnol 151:618–628
Robinson T, McMullan G, Marchant R, Nigam P (2001) Remediation of dyes in textile effluent: a critical review on current treatment technologies with a proposed alternative. Bioresour Technol 77:247–255
Rodriguez-Couto S (2011) Production of laccase and decolouration of the textile dye remazol brilliant blue R in temporary immersion bioreactors. J Hazard Mater 194:297–302
Rodriguez-Couto S (2012) A promising inert support for laccase production and decolouration of textile wastewater by the white-rot fungus Trametes pubescens. J Hazard Mater 233–234:158–162
Rodriguez-Couto S, Gundín M, Lorenzo M, Sanromán MÁ (2002) Screening of supports and inducers for laccase production by Trametes versicolor in semi-solid-state conditions. Process Biochem 38:249–255
Rodriguez-Couto S, Sanromán MA, Hofer D, Gubitz GM (2004) Stainless steel sponge: a novel carrier for the immobilisation of the white-rot fungus Trametes hirsuta for decolourization of textile dyes. Bioresour Technol 95:67–72
Rodriguez-Couto S, Rosales E, Sanromán MA (2006) Decolourization of synthetic dyes by Trametes hirsuta in expanded-bed reactors. Chemosphere 62:1558–1563
Rodriguez-Couto S, Osma JF, Toca-Herrera JL (2009) Removal of synthetic dyes by an eco-friendly strategy. Eng Life Sci 9:116–123
Roriz MS, Osma JF, Teixeira JA, Rodriguez-Couto S (2009) Application of response surface methodological approach to optimise reactive black 5 decolouration by crude laccase from Trametes pubescens. J Hazard Mater 169:691–696
Sam M, Yesilada O (2001) Decolorization of orange II dye by white-rot fungi. Folia Microbiol 46:143–145
Sari AA, Tachibana S, Muryanto, Hadibarata T (2016) Development of bioreactor systems for decolorization of reactive green 19 using white rot fungus. Desalin Water Treat 57:7029–7039
Sasmaz S, Gedikli S, Aytar P, Gungormedi G, Cabuk A, Hur E, Unal A, Kolankaya N (2011) Decolorization potential of some reactive dyes with crude laccase and laccase-mediated system. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 163:346–361
Sayahi E, Ladhari N, Mechichi T, Sakli F (2016) Azo dyes decolourization by the laccase from Trametes trogii. J Text I 107:1478–1482
Senthilkumar S, Perumalsamy M, Prabhu HJ (2014) Decolourization potential of white-rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium on synthetic dye bath effluent containing amido black 10B. J Saudi Chem Soc 18:845–853
Senthilkumar S, Perumalsamy M, Prabhu HJ, Thajudin N (2015) Optimization of process parameters for efficient decolorization of Congo red by novel fungus Curvularia sp. using Box-Behnken design. Desalin Water Treat 54:1708–1716
Shankar S, Nill S (2015) Effect of metal ions and redox mediators on decolorization of synthetic dyes by crude laccase from a novel white rot fungus Peniophora sp. (NFCCI-2131). Appl Biochem Biotechnol 175:635–647
Si J, Cui BK, Dai YC (2013) Decolorization of chemically different dyes by white-rot fungi in submerged cultures. Ann Microbiol 63:1099–1108
Soares GMB, De Amorim MTP, Costa-Ferreira M (2001) Use of laccase together with redox mediators to decolourize remazol brilliant blue R. J Biotechnol 89:123–129
Solomon EI, Sundaram UM, Machonkin TE (1996) Multicopper oxidases and oxygenases. Chem Rev 96:2563–2605
Solomon EI, Augustine AJ, Yoon J (2008) O2 reduction to H2O by the multicopper oxidases. Dalton T 30:3921–3932
Sulaiman SS, Annuar MSM, Razak NNA, Ibrahim S, Bakar B (2013) Triarylmethane dye decolorization by pellets of Pycnoporus sanguineus: statistical optimization and effects of novel impeller geometry. Biorem J 17:305–315
Swamy J, Ramsay JA (1999) The evaluation of white rot fungi in the decoloration of textile dyes. Enzym Microb Technol 24:130–137
Tavares APM, Cristóvão RO, Loureiro JM, Boaventura RAR, Macedo EA (2008) Optimisation of reactive textile dyes degradation by laccase-mediator system. J Chem Technol Biotechnol 83:1609–1615
Tavčar M, Svobodová K, Kuplenk J, Novotný Č, Pavko A (2006) Biodegradation of azo dye RO16 in different reactors by immobilized Irpex lacteus. Acta Chim Slov 53:338–343
Thurston CF (1994) The structure and function of fungal laccases. Microbiol-Sgm 140:19–26
Tian CE, Tian R, Zhou Y, Chen Q, Cheng H (2013) Decolorization of indigo dye and indigo dye-containing textile effluent by Ganoderma weberianum. Afr J Microbiol Res 7:941–947
Unyayar A, Mazmanci MA, Erkurt EA, Atacag H, Gizir AM (2005) Decolorization kinetics of the azo dye drimaren blue X3LR by laccase. React Kinet Catal L 86:99–107
Vantamuri AB, Kaliwal BB (2016) Purification and characterization of laccase from Marasmius species BBKAV79 and effective decolorization of selected textile dyes. 3 Biotech 6:189–198
Wang L, Ridgway D, Gu T, Moo-Young M (2005) Bioprocessing strategies to improve heterologous protein production in filamentous fungal fermentations. Biotechnol Adv 23:115–129
Wesenberg D, Kyriakides I, Agathos SN (2003) White-rot fungi and their enzymes for the treatment of industrial dye effluents. Biotechnol Adv 22:161–187
Wong Y, Yu J (1999) Laccase-catalyzed decolorization of synthetic dyes. Water Res 33:3512–3520
Yang XQ, Zhao XX, Liu CY, Zheng Y, Qian SJ (2009) Decolorization of azo, triphenylmethane and anthraquinone dyes by a newly isolated Trametes sp SQ01 and its laccase. Process Biochem 44:1185–1189
Yaropolov AI, Skorobogatko OV, Vartanov SS, Varfolomeyev SD (1994) Laccase – properties, catalytic mechanism, and applicability. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 49:257–280
Yemendzhiev H, Alexieva Z, Krastanov A (2009) Decolorization of synthetic dye reactive blue 4 by mycelial culture of white-rot fungi Trametes versicolor 1. Biotechnol Biotec Eq 23:1337–1339
Yesilada O, Ozcan B (1998) Decolorization of orange II dye with the crude culture filtrate of white rot fungus, Coriolus versicolor. Turk J Biol 22:463–476
Yesilada O, Fiskin K, Yesilada E (1995) The use of white-rot fungus Funalia trogii (Malatya) for the decolorization and phenol removal from olive mill wastewater. Environ Technol 16:95–100
Yesilada O, Cing S, Asma D (2002) Decolourisation of the textile dye astrazon red FBL by Funalia trogii pellets. Bioresour Technol 81:155–157
Yesilada O, Asma D, Cing S (2003) Decolorization of textile dyes by fungal pellets. Process Biochem 38:933–938
Yesilada O, Yildirim SC, Birhanli E, Apohan E, Asma D, Kuru F (2010) The evaluation of pre-grown mycelial pellets in decolorization of textile dyes during repeated batch process. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 26:33–39
Yesilada O, Birhanli E, Ercan S, Ozmen N (2014) Reactive dye decolorization activity of crude laccase enzyme from repeated-batch culture of Funalia trogii. Turk J Biol 38:103–110
Zapata-Castillo P, Villalonga-Santana L, Islas-Flores I, Rivera-Muñoz G, Ancona-Escalante W, Solís-Pereira S (2015) Synergistic action of laccases from Trametes hirsuta Bm2 improves decolourization of indigo carmine. Lett Appl Microbiol 61:252–258
Zeng X, Cai Y, Liao X, Zeng X, Li W, Zhang D (2011) Decolorization of synthetic dyes by crude laccase from a newly isolated Trametes trogii strain cultivated on solid agro-industrial residue. J Hazard Mater 187:517–525
Zhang F, Yu J (2000) Decolourisation of acid violet 7 with complex pellets of white rot fungus and activated carbon. Bioprocess Eng 23:295–301
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Yesilada, O., Birhanli, E., Geckil, H. (2018). Bioremediation and Decolorization of Textile Dyes by White Rot Fungi and Laccase Enzymes. In: Prasad, R. (eds) Mycoremediation and Environmental Sustainability. Fungal Biology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77386-5_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77386-5_5
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-77385-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-77386-5
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)