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Biochemically Reconstituted Fusion of Phagosomes with Endosomes and Lysosomes
Professional phagocytic cells, such as macrophages, ingest large particles into a specialized endocytic compartment, the phagosome, which eventually...
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Quantitative Immunofluorescence to Study Phagosome Maturation and Resolution
Cells such as macrophages and neutrophils can internalize a diverse set of particulate matter, illustrated by bacteria and apoptotic bodies through...
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Biochemical and Microscopic Analyses for Sphingolipids and Its Related Molecules in Phagosomes
Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) form GSL-enriched microdomains, together with sphingomyelin (SM), cholesterol, glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored...
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Assessing the Phagosome Proteome by Quantitative Mass Spectrometry
The process of phagocytosis involves a series of defined steps, including the formation of a new intracellular organelle, i.e., the phagosome, and...
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Kinetics of phagosome maturation is coupled to their intracellular motility
Immune cells degrade internalized pathogens in phagosomes through sequential biochemical changes. The degradation must be fast enough for effective...
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Legionella effectors SidC/SdcA ubiquitinate multiple small GTPases and SNARE proteins to promote phagosomal maturation
Protein ubiquitination is one of the most important posttranslational modifications (PTMs) in eukaryotes and is involved in the regulation of almost...
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Protrudin-mediated ER-endosome contact sites promote phagocytosis
During phagocytosis, endosomes both contribute with membrane to forming phagosomes and promote phagosome maturation. However, how these vesicles are...
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Quantitative Analysis of the Inactivation Process of Internalized Bacteria in Dictyostelium Cells
The understanding of the inactivation process of ingested bacteria by phagocytes is a key focus in the field of host-pathogen interactions....
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Visualizing Phagocytic Cargo In Vivo from Engulfment to Resolution in Caenorhabditis elegans
The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans offers many experimental advantages to study conserved mechanisms of phagocytosis and phagocytic clearance. These...
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Polphylipoprotein-induced autophagy mechanism with high performance in photodynamic therapy
Polphylipoprotein (PLP) is a recently developed nanoparticle with high biocompatibility and tumor selectivity, and which has demonstrated...
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Filamentous Bacteria as Targets to Study Phagocytosis
Filamentous targets are internalized via phagocytic cups that last for several minutes before closing to form a phagosome. This characteristic offers...
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Phagocytosis
One hundred years have passed since the death of Élie Metchnikoff (1845–1916). He was the first to observe the uptake of particles by cells and...
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Host-directed therapy against tuberculosis: Concept and recent developments
Tuberculosis (TB) continues to remain at the forefront of the infectious disease burden globally, albeit with some aberrations during the COVID-19...
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An In Vitro System to Analyze Generation and Degradation of Phagosomal Phosphatidylinositol Phosphates
Phagosomes are formed when phagocytic cells take up large particles, and they develop into phagolysosomes where the particles are degraded. The...
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Microscopy-Based Tracking and Quantification Methods to Study Phagosome Resolution
Phagosome resolution is a newly defined, terminal stage in the process of phagocytosis. During this phase, phagolysosomes are fragmented into smaller...
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Measuring Phagosomal pH by Fluorescence Microscopy
Dual-wavelength and dual-fluorophore ratiometric imaging has become a powerful tool for the study of pH in intracellular compartments. It allows for...
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Mycobacterium tuberculosis and its clever approaches to escape the deadly macrophage
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mt.b ), a deadly disease causer, is a facultative parasite. This microorganism has developed several methods to defend...
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Approaches to Measuring Reductive and Oxidative Events in Phagosomes
The phagosome is a redox-active organelle. Numerous reductive and oxidative systems play both direct and indirect roles in phagosomal function. With...
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Invasion by exogenous RNA: cellular defense strategies and implications for RNA inference
Exogenous RNA poses a continuous threat to genome stability and integrity across various organisms. Accumulating evidence reveals complex mechanisms...
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Multiplexed Phagosomal Assays for the Detection and Quantification of Bidirectional Exchange Between the Phagolysosomal Lumen and Extracellular Space
The phagolysosome is an antimicrobial and degradative organelle that plays a key role in macrophage-mediated inflammation and homeostasis. Before...