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Investigation of sulfonation reaction kinetics and effect of sulfonation degree on membrane characteristics for PEMFC performance
There is a strong belief that sulfonated polyether ether ketone (SPEEK) can be used as an alternative to Nafion membrane in PEMFC applications due to...
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Effect of tension during sulfonation stabilization for UHMWPE-derived carbon fibers
Polyethylene is a promising low-cost alternative precursor material for carbon fiber production, but it has yet to show mechanical properties near or...
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Enzyme-assisted production of cellulose nanofibers from bleached and bleached/sulfonated sugarcane bagasse: impact of sulfonation on nanocellulose properties and yields
Partial enzymatic hydrolysis is a green alternative to chemical processes to facilitate the isolation of cellulose nanofibers (CNFs). In this work,...
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Effectiveness of sulfonation to produce lignin-containing cellulose micro/nanofibrils (LCM/NF) by grinding
Currently, less energetic and more ecological methods as well as new raw materials are studied to produce cellulose micro/nanofibrils which are very...
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Sulfonation of poly(ether ether ketone): An evidence for di-substitution of the repeat unit
Sulfonation of poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) is an electrophilic substitution reaction that takes place on the aromatic ring flanked by the two...
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Thermokinetic prediction and safety evaluation for toluene sulfonation process and product using calorimetric technology
Toluene sulfonation is a typical synthetic process in the modern chemical industry. However, there are unexpected thermal hazards in this process,...
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Effect of Sulfonation Conditions on Properties of Ion-Conducting Membranes Based on Polystyrene Grafted on Gamma-Irradiated Polyvinylidene Fluoride Films
AbstractThe process of heterogeneous sulfonation of a radiation-grafted copolymer of polystyrene and polyvinylidene fluoride depending on the...
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Properties of Multiblock Sulfonated Poly(arylene ether sulfone)s Synthesized by Precise Controllable Post-sulfonation for Proton Exchange Membranes
A series of multiblock sulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone)s (SPAES) with various block lengths and predictable ion exchange capacity were...
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Assessment of sulfonation in cornstalk for adsorption of metal-ions from seawater
The aim of this study was to adsorb Ca, K, Mg and Na from seawater using sulfonated cornstalk. Cornstalk, a ligno-cellulose derived agricultural...
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New Evaluation Methods of Average Molecular Weight and the Degree of Branching of Poly(1,4-phenylene sulfide) Samples through Their Partial Sulfonation
Structural characterization of industrial-grade poly(1,4-phenylene sulfide) (PPS) batch samples (solution- and melt-polymerized) can only be carried...
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Speciation and molecular characterization of thiophenic and sulfide compounds in petroleum by sulfonation and methylation followed by electrospray mass spectrometry
Thiophenes and sulfides are the dominant sulfur-containing compounds in petroleum and have been widely of concern in the fields of petroleum refining...
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Mathematical Modeling of Poly[styrene-co-(ethylene glycol dimethacrylate)] Sulfonation
AbstractThe production of sulfonated resins is of great interest to be applied in different industrial processes such as esterification,...
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Improving proton conductivity of poly(oxyphenylene benzimidazole) membranes with sulfonation and magnetite addition
AbstractFlexible membranes of poly(oxyphenylene benzimidazole) (PBIO) polymer with oxygen in the main chain were prepared. Proton conductivity was...
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Synthesis and Sulfonation of an Aluminum-Based Metal–Organic Framework with Microwave Method and Using for the Esterification of Oleic Acid
In this study, the synthesis of MIL-53(Al) (Material Institute Lavoisier, MIL) material, which is an aluminum-containing metal–organic framework...
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Effect of same chloromethylation and sulfonation process on the ion exchange membranes in terms of polymer types and ionic properties
Ionic membranes are known as dense membranes in which ions have transferred according to the desired purpose under an electrical current. In this...
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A double sulfonated mesoporous polydivinylbenzene as a solid acid to catalyze the condensation of phenol and cyclohexanone
Sulfonated mesoporous polydivinylbenzene was prepared by different sulfonation methods and then as a solid acid to catalyze the condensation of...
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Plastic-Derived Solid Acid Catalysts for the Production of Methyl 2-Hydroxyisobutyrate via Esterification
In this study, we successfully prepare solid acid catalysts using plastic as the starting material for the production of methyl 2-hydroxyisobutyrate...
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Synthesis of porous polymer-based solid acid and its catalytic activities for biodiesel synthesis from waste oil and tetrahydropyranylation of alcohols
The novel porous polymer-based solid acid was synthesized via the polycondensation of 1,4-dichloroxylene (DCX) and following sulfonation using...
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Sulfonated carboxymethyl debranched starch: Preparation, performance and application
Potato starch (PS) was triple-modified by a combination of debranching, carboxymethylation and sulfonation to improve some of its properties and...
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Hydrothermally treated corncob as solid acid catalyst for facile hydrolysis of starch from avocado seed
Corncob residue has been successfully utilized to create a heterogeneous acid catalyst. The catalyst was developed through a two-step process. It...
