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New Antiviral Agent for Influenza: Baloxavir
It is estimated that a billion cases of influenza occur each year globally and that three to five million are serious infections with annual...
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Gut dysbiosis induces the development of mastitis through a reduction in host anti-inflammatory enzyme activity by endotoxemia
BackgroundMounting experimental evidence has shown that the gut microbiota plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of mastitis, and clinical...
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Sialic acid exacerbates gut dysbiosis-associated mastitis through the microbiota-gut-mammary axis by fueling gut microbiota disruption
BackgroundMastitis is one of the most severe diseases in humans and animals, especially on dairy farms. Mounting evidence indicates that...
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Genetic and virological characteristics of a reassortant avian influenza A H6N1 virus isolated from wild birds at a live-bird market in Egypt
The first detection of a human infection with avian influenza A/H6N1 virus in Taiwan in 2013 has raised concerns about this virus. During our routine...
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Thiourea Catalysts for Synthesis of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients
Thiourea is an important building block found in several drug molecules such as thioacetazone, enzalutamide, and thiocarlide. Thiourea derivatives...
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Comparative pathogenic potential of avian influenza H7N3 viruses isolated from wild birds in Egypt and their sensitivity to commercial antiviral drugs
Active surveillance and studying the virological features of avian-origin influenza viruses are essential for early warning and preparedness for the...
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Influenza A Virus Neuraminidase Inhibitors
Depending on the strain, influenza A virus causes animal, zoonotic, pandemic, or seasonal influenza with varying degrees of severity. Two surface...
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Assays for Determining the Sialidase Activity of Influenza Viruses and Monitoring Influenza Virus Susceptibility to Neuraminidase Inhibitors
Three types of assays––colorimetric, fluorescent, and chemiluminescent––are used to determine the sialidase (neuraminidase: NA) activity of influenza...
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Prescription factors influencing baloxavir prescription during the 2018/2019 and 2019/2020 seasons: a administrative database study in Japan
BackgroundWe aimed to evaluate the factors associated with baloxavir prescription in Japanese hospitals using a health insurance claim-based database...
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Enzymatic Substrates and Fluorescence Imaging of Influenza Virus Sialidase
Immunostaining with an antiviral antibody is usually performed to visualize virus-infected cells. In contrast, this study established an easy method...
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Antivirals: Approaches and the Way Forward
Viral diseases pose significant challenges in human and veterinary medicine, as effective treatment options are limited. The development of antiviral...
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Triple combination of FDA-approved drugs including flufenamic acid, clarithromycin and zanamivir improves survival of severe influenza in mice
Seasonal influenza virus remains a common cause of mortality despite the use of neuraminidase inhibitors. This study evaluated the efficacy of a...
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Antiviral Agents
The viruses, unlike most bacteria, are obligate intracellular pathogens that use biosynthesis mechanisms and enzymes of the host cells for...
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Characterization of neuraminidase inhibitor-resistant influenza virus isolates from immunocompromised patients in the Republic of Korea
BackgroundThe emergence of influenza viruses resistant to anti-influenza drugs is a threat to global public health. The Korea Centers for Disease...
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Anti-Influenza Activity of Cetraria islandica Lichen Extracts in In Vitro Experiments
The toxicity and antiviral activity of extracts obtained by the methods of aqueous and ethanol extraction of bioactive substances from Cetraria...
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Synthesis and Neuraminidase Inhibitory Activity of Sialic Acid Analogues with Fluoro, Phosphono, and Sulfo Functionalities
Methods to synthesize influenza virus inhibitors with fluoro, phosphono, and/or sulfo functional groups are described. The resulting sialic acid...
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Human infection with a reassortant swine-origin influenza A(H1N2)v virus in Taiwan, 2021
BackgroundInfluenza A virus infections occur in different species, causing mild-to-severe symptoms that lead to a heavy disease burden. H1N1, H1N2...
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An Updated Review on Influenza Viruses
Influenza virus is a highly contagious respiratory virus also known as seasonal flu. This virus belongs to the Orthomyxoviridae family and its genome...
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Highly pathogenic avian influenza H7N9 viruses with reduced susceptibility to neuraminidase inhibitors showed comparable replication capacity to their sensitive counterparts
BackgroundHuman infection with avian influenza H7N9 virus was first reported in 2013. Since the fifth epidemic, a highly pathogenic avian influenza...
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In Ovo-Based Antiviral Assay for Screening of Herbal Formulations Against Influenza Viruses
Multiple formats of in vitro tests and in vivo models enable us to test and screen existing antiviral drugs as well as discover new drugs....