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An Updated Review on Influenza Viruses

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Emerging Human Viral Diseases, Volume I

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Abstract

Influenza virus is a highly contagious respiratory virus also known as seasonal flu. This virus belongs to the Orthomyxoviridae family and its genome is composed of eight negative-sense RNA segments. The virus has two major surface proteins, hemagglutinin (HA) responsible for virus entry and neuraminidase (NA) release from host cells. Influenza virus infection has wide range of symptoms, from mild to severe, and results in complications such as pneumonia and respiratory failure, commonly associated with persons having compromised immune systems. The virus is transmitted through respiratory droplets released by infected individuals when they cough, sneeze, or talk. The virus undergoes frequent antigenic changes, which make it difficult to develop effective vaccines that provide long-lasting immunity. Antiviral medications, such as neuraminidase inhibitors, are available to treat influenza virus infections, but their effectiveness is limited. Influenza virus remains a significant public health threat, with the potential to cause epidemics and pandemics that can have serious global impacts. This review article is focused on better understanding the virus pathogenesis and develo** more effective interventions to prevent and treat influenza virus infections.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, Pune, Maharashtra, India

    Unnati Bhalerao

  2. Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi, Delhi, India

    Anil Kumar Mavi

  3. Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information and Technology, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Shivani Manglic

  4. School of Biotechnology, Gautam Buddha University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Sakshi

  5. Department of Biotechnology, Heritage Institute of Technology, Kolkata, West Bengal, India

    Srijita Chowdhury

  6. School of Biosciences, Institute of Management Studies Ghaziabad (University Courses Campus), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Umesh Kumar

  7. Department of Biochemistry, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi, Delhi, India

    Vishwajeet Rohil

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  1. Vaccine Testing Laboratory, Rodent Experimentation Facility, ICMR-National Animal Facility Resource Facility for Biomedical Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India

    Prudhvi Lal Bhukya

  2. Vaccine Testing Laboratory, Rodent Experimentation Facility, ICMR-National Animal Facility Resource Facility for Biomedical Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India

    Suhas T. Mhaske

  3. Multidisciplinary Research Unit (MRU), Maulana Azad Medical College and Associated Hospitals, New Delhi, Delhi, India

    Subash C. Sonkar

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Bhalerao, U. et al. (2023). An Updated Review on Influenza Viruses. In: Bhukya, P.L., Mhaske, S.T., Sonkar, S.C. (eds) Emerging Human Viral Diseases, Volume I. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-2820-0_2

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