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Article
Open AccessAnalysis of over 1 million race records shows runners from East African countries as the fastest in 50-km ultra-marathons
The 50-km ultra-marathon is a popular race distance, slightly longer than the classic marathon distance. However, little is known about the country of affiliation and age of the fastest 50-km ultra-marathon ru...
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Article
Mental Health in Ultra-Endurance Runners: A Systematic Review
Among ultra-endurance runners (UER), the mental, behavioral, and physical demands of training/competition can result in maladaptive outcomes. Mental health issues are common in athletes and can impact psycholo...
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Article
Open AccessElderly female ultra-marathoners reduced the gap to male ultra-marathoners in Swiss running races
Recent studies showed that female runners reduced the performance gap to male runners in endurance running with increasing age and race distance. However, the investigated samples were generally small. To inve...
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Article
Open AccessThe Relative Importance of Training and Social Support for Runners’ Performance: A Cross-Sectional Study
Running participation/performance is a complex system. Understanding the variables associated with these behaviors may help to increase population physical activity and improve performance. This study aimed to...
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Article
Open AccessA macro to micro analysis to understand performance in 100-mile ultra-marathons worldwide
The purposes of this study were (i) to describe differences in participation in 100-mile ultra-marathons by continent; (ii) to investigate differences in performance between continents; and (iii) to identify t...
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Article
Open AccessRelationship between running performance and weather in elite marathoners competing in the New York City Marathon
It is well known that weather and pacing have an influence on elite marathon performance. However, there is limited knowledge about the effect of weather on running speed in elite marathoners. The aim of the p...
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Article
Open AccessThe Effects of Sex, Age and Performance Level on Pacing in Ultra-Marathon Runners in the ‘Spartathlon’
Pacing has been investigated in different kinds of ultra-marathon races, but not in one of the toughest ultra-marathons in the world, the ‘Spartathlon’.
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Article
Authors’ Response to: Comment on: “Potential Long-Term Health Problems Associated with Ultra-Endurance Running: A Narrative Review”
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Article
Potential Long-Term Health Problems Associated with Ultra-Endurance Running: A Narrative Review
It is well established that physical activity reduces all-cause mortality and can prolong life. Ultra-endurance running (UER) is an extreme sport that is becoming increasingly popular, and comprises running ra...
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Article
Recommendations on Youth Participation in Ultra-Endurance Running Events: A Consensus Statement
Participation in ultra-endurance running (UER) events continues to grow across ages, including youth athletes. The 50- and 100-km are the most popular distances among youth athletes. Most youth athletes are be...
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Chapter
Track and Field
Track and field (athletics) encompasses a variety of Olympic sports including throwing events, jum** events, sprints, and middle-/long-distance running. Each individual sport carries an inherent risk of inju...
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Chapter
Ultramarathon and Ultra-endurance Sports
Ultramarathon and ultra-endurance events have seen increasing popularity over the last few years. Due to long durations of exercise in training and competition, these activities put extreme demands on the huma...
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Article
Open AccessThe Impact of Gastrointestinal Symptoms and Dermatological Injuries on Nutritional Intake and Hydration Status During Ultramarathon Events
Debilitating gastrointestinal symptoms (GIS) and dermatological injuries (DI) are common during and after endurance events and have been linked to performance decrements, event withdrawal, and issues requiring...
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Article
Open AccessWater and sodium intake habits and status of ultra-endurance runners during a multi-stage ultra-marathon conducted in a hot ambient environment: an observational field based study
Anecdotal evidence suggests ultra-runners may not be consuming sufficient water through foods and fluids to maintenance euhydration, and present sub-optimal sodium intakes, throughout multi-stage ultra-maratho...
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Chapter
Roadside Measurements of Traffic Emissions from Motorway BAB 656 in Heidelberg with Emphasis on Particles
Particles in the atmosphere originate either from direct emissions (primary aerosols) or from gas to particle conversion of gaseous compounds in the atmosphere (secondary aerosols). Atmospheric particles are i...
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Chapter
Gas—Liquid Interactions
The uptake of NO2 and N2O5 by deliquescent NaCl aerosol is investigated in an aerosol smog chamber. While the slow uptake of NO2 leads to HONO in the gas phase (instead of NOC1), the fast uptake of N2O5 leads to ...
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Chapter
Production of a photolytic precursor of atomic Cl from aerosols and Cl- in the presence of O3
Atomic Cl may significantly contribute to tropospheric chemistry, since it is known to be more reactive against organic trace gases than OH. A principal precursor of atomic Cl is HCl, released from Cl--containing...
