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Chapter
The Development of the Coronary Arteries
It is axiomatic that a proper account of development is advantageous in understanding not only the normal arrangement of the coronary arteries, but also the congenital malformations that might afflict them. In...
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Living Reference Work Entry In depth
Normal Development of the Heart
Recent advances have clarified the understanding of normal cardiac development, making it possible also to interpret the findings so as to appreciate the abnormal steps leading to congenital cardiac malformati...
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Article
Open AccessMsx1 haploinsufficiency modifies the Pax9-deficient cardiovascular phenotype
Successful embryogenesis relies on the coordinated interaction between genes and tissues. The transcription factors Pax9 and Msx1 genetically interact during mouse craniofacial morphogenesis, and mice deficient f...
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Article
Open AccessMaternal iron deficiency perturbs embryonic cardiovascular development in mice
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common class of human birth defects, with a prevalence of 0.9% of births. However, two-thirds of cases have an unknown cause, and many of these are thought to be caus...
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Chapter
Anatomical Development of the Left Atrioventricular Valvar Complex
Much less is known regarding the changes taking place during development to produce the different components of the left atrioventricular valvar complex than is now known regarding the lineage and origins of t...
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Article
Open AccessThe embryological basis of subclinical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is caused by mutations in sarcomeric proteins, the commonest being MYBPC3 encoding myosin-binding protein C. It is characterised by left ventricular hypertrophy but there is an i...
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Article
Open AccessAdvanced assessment of cardiac morphology and prediction of gene carriage by CMR in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy - the HCMNet/UCL collaboration
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Article
Open AccessCMR trabecular fractal analysis - technical development of a measurement system
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Reference Work Entry In depth
Normal and Abnormal Development of the Heart
Accurate knowledge of embryology is essential for interpretation of congenital cardiac malformations. Recent advances made in the understanding of cardiac development now make it possible to appreciate the mor...
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Article
Open AccessQuantification of left ventricular trabeculae using fractal analysis
Left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC) is a myocardial disorder characterized by excessive left ventricular (LV) trabeculae. Current methods for quantification of LV trabeculae have limitations. The aim of this...
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Article
Insights from Cardiac Development Relevant to Congenital Defects and Adult Clinical Anatomy
Advances made in understanding temporal changes in structure of the develo** heart, along with advances in knowledge of the lineage of cardiomyocytes forming the components of cardiac chambers, permit us to ...
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Article
Open AccessA new definition of left ventricular compaction/noncompaction - the new gold-standard?
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Article
Open AccessGenome-wide analysis of gene expression during Xenopus tropicalis tadpole tail regeneration
The molecular mechanisms governing vertebrate appendage regeneration remain poorly understood. Uncovering these mechanisms may lead to novel therapies aimed at alleviating human disfigurement and visible loss ...
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Article
Open AccessThe Mouse Limb Anatomy Atlas: An interactive 3D tool for studying embryonic limb patterning
The develo** mouse limb is widely used as a model system for studying tissue patterning. Despite this, few references are available that can be used for the correct identification of develo** limb structur...
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Article
Open AccessGATA4 and GATA5 are essential for heart and liver development in Xenopusembryos
GATA factors 4/5/6 have been implicated in the development of the heart and endodermal derivatives in vertebrates. Work in zebrafish has indicated that GATA5 is required for normal development earlier than GAT...
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Protocol
Three-Dimensional Analysis of Molecular Signals with Episcopic Imaging Techniques
This chapter describes two episcopic imaging methods, episcopic fluorescence image capturing (EFIC) and high-resolution episcopic microscopy (HREM). These allow analysis of molecular signals in a wide variety ...
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Article
Xenopus laevis transgenesis by sperm nuclear injection
The stable integration of transgenes into embryos of the frog Xenopus laevis is achieved using the procedure described here. Linear DNA containing the transgene is incorporated randomly into sperm nuclei that hav...
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Article
High-resolution episcopic microscopy: a rapid technique for high detailed 3D analysis of gene activity in the context of tissue architecture and morphology
We describe a new methodology for rapid 2D and 3D computer analysis and visualisation of gene expression and gene product pattern in the context of anatomy and tissue architecture. It is based on episcopic ima...
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Article
Human breast duct anatomy, the ‘sick lobe’ hypothesis and intraductal approaches to breast cancer
Information about central and peripheral duct anatomy is a requirement for develo** intraductal approaches to human breast cancer, but remains sparse. This study looks at the acquisition and digital modellin...
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Article
Frog transgenesis made simple
A Xenopus embryo coinjected with a plasmid encoding a transgene and the φC31 integrase mRNA readily facilitates genomic integration resulting in healthy transgenic embryos.
