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Sero-Epidemiological Survey of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever among the Human Population of the Punjab Province in Pakistan
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Circulation of multiple subtypes (A, G and CRFs 02_AG) of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in selected districts of Punjab province, Pakistan
Owing to consistent genetic mutation and recombination, various escape mutants and/or drug-resistant mutants of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) are now emerging worldwide. Therefore, an understanding of t...
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Genomic and biological characterization of Newcastle disease viruses isolated from migratory mallards (Anas platyrhynchos)
Given the global evolutionary dynamics of Newcastle disease viruses (NDVs), it is imperative to continue extensive surveillance, routine monitoring and characterization of isolates originating from natural res...
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Genetic analysis of Newcastle disease virus from Punjab, Pakistan
The strains of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) were isolated from five suspected outbreaks of ND in broiler (n = 3) and layers (n = 2) poultry farms. The egg-isolated viruses were subjected to biological and geneti...