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Article
Minimum Supervision Levels Required for Pediatric Cardiology Fellowship Graduation by Pediatric Cardiology Fellowship Program Directors
Entrustable professional activities (EPAs) are “observable essential tasks expected to be performed by a physician for safe patient care in practice.” Six Pediatric Cardiology (PC) EPAs and their level of supe...
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Article
Virtually Delivered Psychosocial Intervention for Prenatally Diagnosed Congenital Heart Disease: Feasibility and Acceptability of HEARTPrep
Prenatal diagnosis of congenital heart disease (CHD) often leads to anxiety, depression, and traumatic stress in expectant mothers, with long-term implications for the child and family. However, psychosocial i...
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Article
Telehealth and Application of Appropriate Use Criteria for Pediatric Transthoracic Echocardiography
Appropriate use criteria (AUC) for the performance of outpatient transthoracic echocardiography are based on history, physical examination and electrocardiograms. Telehealth provides access to clinical care in...
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Living Reference Work Entry In depth
Fetal Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) is a spectrum of congenital cardiac anomalies that result in the left ventricle being incapable of providing adequate systemic perfusion. This lesion is incompatible with...
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Article
High Output Cardiovascular Physiology and Outcomes in Fetal Diagnosis of Vein of Galen Malformation
Vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation (VGAM) is a rare anomaly associated with poor outcomes from high output cardiac failure and neurologic complications. Studies addressing fetal cardiovascular status and ou...
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Article
Height Versus Body Surface Area to Normalize Cardiovascular Measurements in Children Using the Pediatric Heart Network Echocardiographic Z-Score Database
Normalizing cardiovascular measurements for body size allows for comparison among children of different ages and for distinguishing pathologic changes from normal physiologic growth. Because of growing intere...
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Article
Open AccessFOXP1 syndrome: a review of the literature and practice parameters for medical assessment and monitoring
FOXP1 syndrome is a neurodevelopmental disorder caused by mutations or deletions that disrupt the forkhead box protein 1 (FOXP1) gene, which encodes a transcription factor important for the early development of m...
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Article
Abnormalities in Left Ventricular Rotation Are Inherent in Young Children with Repaired Tetralogy of Fallot and Are Independent of Right Ventricular Dilation
Left ventricular (LV) dysfunction is a risk factor for adverse outcomes in older children and adults with repaired Tetralogy of Fallot (rToF). Pulmonary regurgitation (PR), right ventricular (RV) dilation, and...
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Article
Validation of Right Atrial Area as a Measure of Right Atrial Size and Normal Values of in Healthy Pediatric Population by Two-Dimensional Echocardiography
Right atrial (RA) size is a prognostic indicator for heart failure and cardiovascular death in adults. Data regarding use of RA area (RAA) by two-dimensional echocardiography as a surrogate for RA size and all...
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Article
Feature Tracking-Derived Peak Systolic Strain Compared to Late Gadolinium Enhancement in Troponin-Positive Myocarditis: A Case–Control Study
Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) assesses myocardial involvement in myocarditis (MYO). Current techniques are qualitative, subjective, and prone to interpretation error. Feature tracking (FT) analyzes myocardi...
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Article
Open AccessSimplifying the diagnosis of left ventricular hypertrophy: is left ventricular mass to volume ratio constant in children throughout growth?
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Article
Application of Virtual Three-Dimensional Models for Simultaneous Visualization of Intracardiac Anatomic Relationships in Double Outlet Right Ventricle
Our goal was to construct three-dimensional (3D) virtual models to allow simultaneous visualization of the ventricles, ventricular septal defect (VSD) and great arteries in patients with complex intracardiac ...
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Article
Two-Dimensional Speckle-Tracking-Derived Segmental Peak Systolic Longitudinal Strain Identifies Regional Myocardial Involvement in Patients with Myocarditis and Normal Global Left Ventricular Systolic Function
The presence of myocardial late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) by cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging in concert with electrocardiography and elevated biomarkers helps support the diagnosis of acute myocard...
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Article
Open AccessFeature tracking derived longitudinal and circumferential myocardial strain abnormalities in clinical myocarditis
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Article
Applicability of Published Guidelines for Assessment of Left Ventricular Diastolic Function in Adults to Children with Restrictive Cardiomyopathy: An Observational Study
Guidelines for diagnosis and grading of diastolic dysfunction (DD) in children have not been established. The applicability of adult parameters of DD to children has been questioned by recent studies. Although...
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Article
Open AccessPhelan-McDermid syndrome: a review of the literature and practice parameters for medical assessment and monitoring
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and intellectual disability (ID) can be caused by mutations in a large number of genes. One example is SHANK3 on the terminal end of chromosome 22q. Loss of one functional copy of S...
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Article
Prevalence of Associated Extracardiac Malformations in the Congenital Heart Disease Population
The authors hypothesized that changes in prenatal factors such as termination of pregnancy for fetal anomalies and prenatal vitamin supplementation have altered the epidemiology of patients with multiple cong...
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Article
Changing Prevalence of Severe Congenital Heart Disease: A Population-Based Study
Although the epidemiology of congenital heart disease (CHD) has been described, the authors believe changes in prenatal factors such as termination of pregnancy for fetal anomaly and prenatal vitamin supplemen...
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Article
Incidences and Sociodemographics of Specific Congenital Heart Diseases in the United States of America: An Evaluation of Hospital Discharge Diagnoses
Current estimates of the incidence of congenital heart disease (CHD) are derived from small clinical studies and metaanalyses. For the true incidence of CHD in the United States of America to be estimated, a s...
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Article
Fetal Diagnosis of Left-Ventricular Noncompaction Cardiomyopathy in Identical Twins With Discordant Congenital Heart Disease
Left-ventricular noncompaction (LVNC) is characterized by prominent myocardial trabeculae with deep intratrabecular recesses. Associated with ventricular dysfunction, LVNC can present in isolation or in conjun...