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Article
Insect resistance management in GM crops: past, present and future
Transgenic plants expressing insecticidal proteins from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) were first commercialized in 1996 amid concern from some scientists, regulators and environmentalists that the wid...
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Article
Transgenic plants expressing two Bacillus thuringiensis toxins delay insect resistance evolution
Preventing insect pests from develo** resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins produced by transgenic crops is a major challenge for agriculture. Theoretical models suggest that plants containing two di...
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Article
Field tests on managing resistance to Bt-engineered plants
Several important crops have been engineered to express toxins of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) for insect control. In 1999, US farmers planted nearly 8 million hectares (nearly 20 million acres) of transgenic Bt c...
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Chapter
Resistance management for agricultural pests
Resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis sprays is already a widespread problem in one major agricultural insect pest, the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella. There is no reason to think that resistance won’t occu...
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Article
False reports and the ears of men
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Protocol
Strategies for Resistance Management
Resistance to pesticides has evolved in more than 500 species of insect pests and more than 70 species of weeds (1, 2). It was once believed by some that resistance would be unlikely for biopesticides because the...
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Article
Distribution of Parthenogenesis-Inducing Symbionts in Ovaries and Eggs of Aphytis (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae)
In parasitic Hymenoptera, severe sex ratio distortions are sometimes associated with the presence of symbiotic microorganisms. Symbiont-induced uniparental reproduction is found in several species of the genus A...
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Article
Assessing the odds: The emergence of resistance to Bt transgenic plants
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Article
Transgenic broccoli expressing aBacillus thuringiensis insecticidal crystal protein: Implications for pest resistance management strategies
We usedAgrobacterium tumefaciens to transform flowering stalk explants of five genotypes of broccoli with a construct containing the neomycin phosphotransferase gene and aBacillus thuringiensis (Bt) gene [CryIA(c...
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Article
The reconstruction and expression of a Bacillus thuringiensis cryIIIA gene in protoplasts and potato plants
A Bacillus thuringiensis (B.t.) cryIIIA δ-endotoxin gene was designed for optimal expression in plants. The modified cry gene has the codon usage pattern of an average dicot gene and does not contain AT-rich nucl...
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Chapter
Drosophila as a Tool for Investigating the Molecular Genetics of Insecticide Resistance
Molecular studies on insecticide resistance are important for both fundamental and applied research. Resistance has developed so rapidly that we can gather meaningful data on selective changes during evolution...
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Article
B.t.Resistance
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Chapter
Evolution and Management of Resistance in the Colorado Potato Beetle, Leptinotarsa Decemlineata
The Colorado potato beetle is notorious for its rapid development of insecticide resistance, even compared to other major pests, such as those on cotton. The causes of this rapid evolution appear to include: (...
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Book
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Chapter
Introduction
Pesticide resistance is an increasingly urgent worldwide problem. Resistance to one or more pesticides has been documented in more than 440 species of insects and mites. Resistance in vectors of human disease,...
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Chapter
The Role of Population Genetics in Resistance Research and Management
Pesticide resistance is an evolutionary phenomenon (Dobzhansky 1951), which cannot be fully understood without genetic data. Genetic studies are a major tool in develo** improved methods of detecting resista...
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Chapter
Resistance Detection and Documentation: The Relative Roles of Pesticidal and Biochemical Assays
The last decade has witnessed significant changes in both the philosophy and methods used for the monitoring of insecticide and acaricide resistance. The traditional emphasis has been on the development of pre...
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Chapter
Genetic Differences in Oviposition Preference Between Two Populations of Heliothis virescens
Heliothis virescens (F.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), the tobacco budworm, is a multivoltine, polyphagous, highly mobile and economically important insect indigenous to the Americas. A majority of l...
