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Article
Open AccessYersinia entomophaga Tc toxin is released by T10SS-dependent lysis of specialized cell subpopulations
Disease-causing bacteria secrete numerous toxins to invade and subjugate their hosts. Unlike many smaller toxins, the secretion machinery of most large toxins remains enigmatic. By combining genomic editing, p...
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Article
Open AccessMolecular basis for selective uptake and elimination of organic anions in the kidney by OAT1
In mammals, the kidney plays an essential role in maintaining blood homeostasis through the selective uptake, retention or elimination of toxins, drugs and metabolites. Organic anion transporters (OATs) are re...
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Article
Open AccessTomoTwin: generalized 3D localization of macromolecules in cryo-electron tomograms with structural data mining
Cryogenic-electron tomography enables the visualization of cellular environments in extreme detail, however, tools to analyze the full amount of information contained within these densely packed volumes are st...
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Article
CRISPR screens in Drosophila cells identify Vsg as a Tc toxin receptor
Entomopathogenic nematodes are widely used as biopesticides1,2. Their insecticidal activity depends on symbiotic bacteria such as Photorhabdus luminescens, which produces toxin complex (Tc) toxins as major virule...
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Article
Open AccessGlycan-dependent cell adhesion mechanism of Tc toxins
Toxin complex (Tc) toxins are virulence factors of pathogenic bacteria. Tcs are composed of three subunits: TcA, TcB and TcC. TcA facilitates receptor–toxin interaction and membrane permeation, TcB and TcC for...
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Article
Open AccessTowards the application of Tc toxins as a universal protein translocation system
Tc toxins are bacterial protein complexes that inject cytotoxic enzymes into target cells using a syringe-like mechanism. Tc toxins are composed of a membrane translocator and a cocoon that encapsulates a toxi...
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Article
Open AccessSPHIRE-crYOLO is a fast and accurate fully automated particle picker for cryo-EM
Selecting particles from digital micrographs is an essential step in single-particle electron cryomicroscopy (cryo-EM). As manual selection of complete datasets—typically comprising thousands of particles—is a...
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Article
Big insights from tiny crystals
Most compounds form crystals so small that scientists cannot experimentally determine their atomic structures using X-ray crystallography. Microcrystal electron diffraction now provides a unique solution for t...
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Protocol
Overproduction of PIB-Type ATPases
Understanding of the functions and mechanisms of fundamental processes in the cell requires structural information. Structural studies of membrane proteins typically necessitate large amounts of purified and p...
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Protocol
Crystallization of P-type ATPases by the High Lipid–Detergent (HiLiDe) Method
Determining structures of membrane proteins remains a significant challenge. A technique utilizing high lipid–detergent concentrations (“HiLiDe”) circumvents the major bottlenecks of current membrane protein c...
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Article
Structure and mechanism of Zn2+-transporting P-type ATPases
The X-ray crystal structures of a zinc-ion-transporting P-type ATPase are solved in a zinc-free, phosphoenzyme ‘ground’ state and in a transition state of dephosphorylation, characterizing these transporters o...
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Article
Copper-transporting P-type ATPases use a unique ion-release pathway
P-type ATPases adopt different conformations during their transport cycle, including autophosphorylated forms. The structure of type IB P-type ATPase CopA is now solved in its E2P state. Comparison with a prev...
