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Article
Open AccessIncreased glutamate and glutamine levels and their relationship to astrocytes and dopaminergic transmissions in the brains of adults with autism
Increased excitatory neuronal tones have been implicated in autism, but its mechanism remains elusive. The amplified glutamate signals may arise from enhanced glutamatergic circuits, which can be affected by a...
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Article
Impact of past experiences on decision-making in autism spectrum disorder
People are often influenced by past costs in their current decision-making, thus succumbing to a well-known bias recognized as the sunk cost effect. A recent study showed that the sunk cost effect is attenuate...
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Article
Open AccessWhite matter alterations in autism spectrum disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in relation to sensory profile
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have high rates of co-occurrence and share atypical behavioral characteristics, including sensory symptoms. The present diffus...
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Article
Machine learning approach to identify a resting-state functional connectivity pattern serving as an endophenotype of autism spectrum disorder
Endophenotype refers to a measurable and heritable component between genetics and diagnosis, and the same endophenotype is present in both individuals with a diagnosis and their unaffected siblings. Determinat...
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Article
Sunk Cost Effect in Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder
The sunk cost effect, an interesting and well-known decision bias, is pervasive in real life and has been studied in various disciplines. In this study, we modified a task exemplifying the sunk cost effect and...
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Article
Open AccessInflexible daily behaviour is associated with the ability to control an automatic reaction in autism spectrum disorder
Inflexible behaviours in people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) broadly obstruct social communication. Meanwhile, flexibility implicates cognitive control to resolve socially conflicting situations; howeve...
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Article
Open AccessAttitudes toward risk and ambiguity in patients with autism spectrum disorder
Although the ability to make optimal decisions under uncertainty is an integral part of everyday life, individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) frequently report that they experience difficulties with t...
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Article
Open AccessAltered sulcogyral patterns of orbitofrontal cortex in a large cohort of patients with schizophrenia
Abnormalities in prenatal brain development contribute to schizophrenia vulnerability. Orbitofrontal cortex sulcogyral patterns are largely determined during prenatal development, and four types of orbitofront...
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Article
Open AccessAltered functional organization within the insular cortex in adult males with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder: evidence from connectivity-based parcellation
The insular cortex comprises multiple functionally differentiated sub-regions, each of which has different patterns of connectivity with other brain regions. Such diverse connectivity patterns are thought to u...
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Article
Open AccessAlterations of local spontaneous brain activity and connectivity in adults with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder
Previous autism research has hypothesized that abnormalities of functional connectivity in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may vary with the spatial distance between two brain regions. Although several resting-...
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Article
Neuropsychological variability, symptoms, and brain imaging in chronic schizophrenia
We examined variability in performance on widely-used neuropsychological Wechsler tests of intelligence and memory in a large sample of persons with chronic schizophrenia, a subset of whom had also undergone p...
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Article
Reduced planum temporale volume and delusional behaviour in patients with schizophrenia
The structural abnormality of planum temporale (PT), a part of the superior temporal heteromodal association cortex involved in auditory and language processing, has been implicated in the pathophysiology of s...
