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Article
Chloroplast-actin filaments decide the direction of chloroplast avoidance movement under strong light in Arabidopsis thaliana
Chloroplast-actin (cp-actin) filaments are crucial for light-induced chloroplast movement, and appear in the front region of moving chloroplasts when visualized using GFP-mouse Talin. They are short and thick,...
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Article
Signalling mechanism of phototropin-mediated chloroplast movement in Arabidopsis
To efficiently use light for photosynthesis, chloroplasts move to the appropriate location according to ambient light conditions. Chloroplasts relocate towards dimly lit cell parts to maximise light capture (t...
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Article
ACTIN2 Functions in Chloroplast Photorelocation Movement in Arabidopsis thaliana
Chloroplast movement is regulated by dynamic reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton. To gain insight into the function of ACT2 in chloroplast movement, we examined the effect of the act2-3 mutation, in which a ...
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Article
Light-induced chloroplast movements in Oryza species
Light-induced chloroplast movements control efficient light utilization in leaves, and thus, are essential for leaf photosynthesis and biomass production under fluctuating light conditions. Chloroplast movemen...
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Chapter
Chloroplast Actin Filaments Involved in Chloroplast Photorelocation Movements
Plants have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to survive in various environmental changes. Chloroplast movement is an essential response to optimize photosynthesis and to avoid photodamage under fluctuating lig...
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Protocol
Determination of Phototropism and Polarotropism in Fern Protonemal Cells
Fern protonemal cells grow at their apices as long, undivided filamentous cells toward red (or weak white) light and change their growth direction if the light direction is changed (i.e., phototropism). When p...
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Protocol
Cytoskeleton Observation in Phototropism and Polarotropism of Adiantum Protonema
The distribution patterns of the cytoskeleton, i.e., microtubules and actin filaments, in the apical part of protonemal cells are unique and differ from those of other apical growing cells, such as moss and li...
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Article
Open AccessPalisade cell shape affects the light-induced chloroplast movements and leaf photosynthesis
Leaf photosynthesis is regulated by multiple factors that help the plant to adapt to fluctuating light conditions. Leaves of sun-light-grown plants are thicker and contain more columnar palisade cells than tho...
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Article
Temperature-dependent signal transmission in chloroplast accumulation response
Chloroplast photorelocation movement, well-characterized light-induced response found in various plant species from alga to higher plants, is an important phenomenon for plants to increase photosynthesis effic...
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Article
Molecular basis of chloroplast photorelocation movement
Chloroplast photorelocation movement is an essential physiological response for sessile plant survival and the optimization of photosynthetic ability. Simple but effective experiments on the physiological, ce...
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Article
Functional characterization of blue-light-induced responses and PHOTOTROPIN 1 gene in Welwitschia mirabilis
The blue light (BL) receptor phototropin (phot) is specifically found in green plants; it regulates various BL-induced responses such as phototropism, chloroplast movement, stomatal opening, and leaf flattenin...
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Protocol
Gene Silencing by DNA Interference in Fern Gametophytes
RNA interference is commonly used for posttranscriptional silencing of target gene transcripts. In fern gametophytes, however, sequence-specific gene silencing is possible by introducing double-stranded DNA fr...
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Article
Chloroplasts continuously monitor photoreceptor signals during accumulation movement
Under low light conditions, chloroplasts gather at a cell surface to maximize light absorption for efficient photosynthesis, which is called the accumulation response. Phototropin1 (phot1) and phototropin2 (ph...
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Article
CHUP1 mediates actin-based light-induced chloroplast avoidance movement in the moss Physcomitrella patens
Chloroplasts change their intracellular distribution in response to light intensity. CHUP1 (CHLOROPLAST UNUSUAL POSITIONING1) is indispensable for this response in Arabidopsis thaliana. However, involvement of CH...
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Article
Distribution pattern changes of actin filaments during chloroplast movement in Adiantum capillus-veneris
Chloroplasts change their positions in a cell in response to light intensities. The photoreceptors involved in chloroplast photo-relocation movements and the behavior of chloroplasts during their migration wer...
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Article
Chloroplasts move towards the nearest anticlinal walls under dark condition
Chloroplasts change their intracellular positions in response to their light environment. Under darkness, chloroplasts assume special positions that are different from those under light conditions. Here, we an...
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Article
Chloroplast actin filaments organize meshwork on the photorelocated chloroplasts in the moss Physcomitrella patens
Cytoskeleton dynamics during phototropin-dependent chloroplast photorelocation movement was analyzed in protonemal cells of actin- and microtubule-visualized lines of Physcomitrella patens expressing GFP- or tdTo...
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Protocol
Analysis of Chloroplast Movement and Relocation in Arabidopsis
Chloroplast photorelocation movement is essential for the sessile plant survival and plays a role for efficient photosynthesis and avoiding photodamage of chloroplasts. There are several ways to observe or det...
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Article
Chloroplasts can move in any direction to avoid strong light
Chloroplasts migrate in response to different light intensities. Under weak light, chloroplasts gather at an illuminated area to maximize light absorption and photosynthesis rates (the accumulation response). ...
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Article
Speed of signal transfer in the chloroplast accumulation response
Chloroplast photorelocation movement is important for plants to perform efficient photosynthesis. Phototropins were identified as blue-light receptors for chloroplast movement in Arabidopsis thaliana and in the f...
