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Article
Molecular basis of the plant ROS1-mediated active DNA demethylation
Active DNA demethylation plays a crucial role in eukaryotic gene imprinting and antagonizing DNA methylation. The plant-specific REPRESSOR OF SILENCING 1/DEMETER (ROS1/DME) family of enzymes directly excise 5-...
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Article
Open AccessStructural basis of a two-antibody cocktail exhibiting highly potent and broadly neutralizing activities against SARS-CoV-2 variants including diverse Omicron sublineages
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants of concern (VOCs), especially the latest Omicron, have exhibited severe antibody evasion. Broadly neutralizing antibodies with high pot...
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Article
Discovery of small-molecule activators of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) and their preclinical neuroprotective activity
The decline of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) occurs in a variety of human pathologies including neurodegeneration. NAD-boosting agents can provide neuroprotective benefits. Here, we report the discov...
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Article
The coupling mechanism of mammalian mitochondrial complex I
Mammalian respiratory complex I (CI) is a 45-subunit, redox-driven proton pump that generates an electrochemical gradient across the mitochondrial inner membrane to power ATP synthesis in mitochondria. In the ...
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Article
Open AccessCryo-EM structures and transport mechanism of human P5B type ATPase ATP13A2
Polyamines are important polycations that play critical roles in mammalian cells. ATP13A2 belongs to the orphan P5B adenosine triphosphatases (ATPase) family and has been established as a lysosomal polyamine e...
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Article
Open AccessMolecular insights into the human ABCB6 transporter
ABCB6 plays a crucial role in energy-dependent porphyrin transport, drug resistance, toxic metal resistance, porphyrin biosynthesis, protection against stress, and encoding a blood group system Langereis antig...
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Article
Open AccessStructure of the full-length human Pannexin1 channel and insights into its role in pyroptosis
Pannexin1 (PANX1) is a large-pore ATP efflux channel with a broad distribution, which allows the exchange of molecules and ions smaller than 1 kDa between the cytoplasm and extracellular space. In this study, ...
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Article
Open AccessThe structural basis of function and regulation of neuronal cotransporters NKCC1 and KCC2
NKCC and KCC transporters mediate coupled transport of Na++K++Cl− and K++Cl− across the plasma membrane, thus regulating cell Cl− concentration and cell volume and playing critical roles in transepithelial salt a...
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Article
Open AccessAtomic structure of human TOM core complex
The translocase of the outer mitochondrial membrane (TOM) complex is the main entry gate for mitochondrial precursor proteins synthesized on cytosolic ribosomes. Here we report the single-particle cryo-electro...
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Article
Distinct structural modulation of photosystem I and lipid environment stabilizes its tetrameric assembly
Photosystem I (PSI) is able to form different oligomeric states across various species. To reveal the structural basis for PSI dimerization and tetramerization, we structurally investigated PSI from the cyanob...
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Article
Open AccessStructure of the intact 14-subunit human cytochrome c oxidase
Respiration is one of the most basic features of living organisms, and the electron transport chain complexes are probably the most complicated protein system in mitochondria. Complex-IV is the terminal enzyme...
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Article
Open AccessCryo-EM structure of the ASIC1a–mambalgin-1 complex reveals that the peptide toxin mambalgin-1 inhibits acid-sensing ion channels through an unusual allosteric effect
Acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) are neuronal voltage-independent Na+ channels that are activated by extracellular acidification. ASICs play essential roles in a wide range of physiological processes, including ...
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Article
Structural insights into the coordination of plastid division by the ARC6–PDV2 complex
Chloroplasts divide by binary fission, which is accomplished by the simultaneous constriction of the FtsZ ring on the stromal side of the inner envelope membrane, and the ARC5 ring on the cytosolic side of the...
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Article
Open AccessStructural insights into the TRIM family of ubiquitin E3 ligases
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Open AccessPlanar substrate-binding site dictates the specificity of ECF-type nickel/cobalt transporters
The energy-coupling factor (ECF) transporters are multi-subunit protein complexes that mediate uptake of transition-metal ions and vitamins in about 50% of the prokaryotes, including bacteria and archaea. Biol...
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Article
Structural basis of histone demethylation by LSD1 revealed by suicide inactivation
Histone methylation regulates diverse chromatin-templated processes, including transcription. The recent discovery of the first histone lysine–specific demethylase (LSD1) has changed the long-held view that hi...