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Article
Open AccessMitigating machine learning bias between high income and low–middle income countries for enhanced model fairness and generalizability
Collaborative efforts in artificial intelligence (AI) are increasingly common between high-income countries (HICs) and low- to middle-income countries (LMICs). Given the resource limitations often encountered ...
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Article
Open AccessAssessing the importance of primary care diagnoses in the UK Biobank
The UK Biobank has made general practitioner (GP) data (censoring date 2016–2017) available for approximately 45% of the cohort, whilst hospital inpatient and death registry (referred to as “HES/Death”) data a...
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Article
Open AccessA medical multimodal large language model for future pandemics
Deep neural networks have been integrated into the whole clinical decision procedure which can improve the efficiency of diagnosis and alleviate the heavy workload of physicians. Since most neural networks are...
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Article
Open AccessKidney function, albuminuria, and their modification by genetic factors and risk of incident dementia in UK Biobank
Associations between kidney function and dementia risk are inconclusive. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) severity is determined by levels of both estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and the urine albumin ...
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Article
Open AccessCombining machine learning with Cox models to identify predictors for incident post-menopausal breast cancer in the UK Biobank
We aimed to identify potential novel predictors for breast cancer among post-menopausal women, with pre-specified interest in the role of polygenic risk scores (PRS) for risk prediction. We utilised an analysi...
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Article
Open AccessAssessing agreement between different polygenic risk scores in the UK Biobank
Polygenic risk scores (PRS) are proposed for use in clinical and research settings for risk stratification. However, there are limited investigations on how different PRS diverge from each other in risk predic...
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Article
Open AccessThe correlation between baseline score and post-intervention score, and its implications for statistical analysis
When using a continuous outcome measure in a randomised controlled trial (RCT), the baseline score should be measured in addition to the post-intervention score, and it should be analysed using the appropriate...
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Article
Open AccessImpact of a web-based tool (WebCONSORT) to improve the reporting of randomised trials: results of a randomised controlled trial
The CONSORT Statement is an evidence-informed guideline for reporting randomised controlled trials. A number of extensions have been developed that specify additional information to report for more complex tri...
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Article
Open AccessExtending the Generalised Pareto Distribution for Novelty Detection in High-Dimensional Spaces
Novelty detection involves the construction of a “model of normality”, and then classifies test data as being either “normal” or “abnormal” with respect to that model. For this reason, it is often termed one-c...
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Article
Open AccessModelling physiological deterioration in post-operative patient vital-sign data
Patients who undergo upper-gastrointestinal surgery have a high incidence of post-operative complications, often requiring admission to the intensive care unit several days after surgery. A dataset comprising ...
