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Article
TGF-β induces assembly of a Smad2–Smurf2 ubiquitin ligase complex that targets SnoN for degradation
The receptor-regulated Smad proteins are essential intracellular mediators of signal transduction by the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily of growth factors and are also important as regulators ...
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Article
The 7SK small nuclear RNA inhibits the CDK9/cyclin T1 kinase to control transcription
The human positive transcription elongation factor P-TEFb, consisting of a CDK9/cyclin T1 heterodimer, functions as both a general and an HIV-1 Tat-specific transcription factor1,2. P-TEFb activates transcription...
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Article
Association of decreased expression of a Myb transcription factor with the TPD (tap** panel dryness) syndrome in Hevea brasiliensis
TPD (tap** panel dryness) is a complex physiological syndrome widely found in rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) plantations, which causes severe yield and crop losses in natural rubber-producing countries. The m...
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Article
Akt interacts directly with Smad3 to regulate the sensitivity to TGF-β-induced apoptosis
Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) induces both apoptosis and cell-cycle arrest in some cell lines, but only growth arrest in others1. It is not clear how this differential response to TGF-β is specified. Smad ...
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Chapter
Smad Proteins in Apoptotic and Survival Signaling
Perhaps the most critical decision to be made during the life of a cell is whether to live or to die. Signaling events initiated by TGF-β superfamily cytokines play a critical role in specifying cell death and...
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Chapter
Ski, SnoN, and Akt as Negative Regulators of Smad Activity: Balancing Cell Death and Cell Survival
Cytokines of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily exert many of their diverse effects via the recruitment of the Smad proteins to activate transcription of TGF-β target genes. Activities of the...
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Article
Ski and SnoN, potent negative regulators of TGF-β signaling
Ski and the closely related SnoN were discovered as oncogenes by their ability to transform chicken embryo fibroblasts upon overexpression. While elevated expressions of Ski and SnoN have also been reported in...
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Article
Open AccessEfficient TGF-β/SMAD signaling in human melanoma cells associated with high c-SKI/SnoN expression
SKI and SnoN proteins have been shown to inhibit TGF-β signaling, acting both as transcriptional co-repressors in the cell nucleus, and as sequestrators of SMAD proteins in the cytoplasm. TGF-β, on the other h...
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Protocol
Three-dimensional Mammary Epithelial Cell Morphogenesis Model for Analysis of TGFß Signaling
Culturing mammary epithelial cells in laminin-rich extracellular matrices (three dimensional or 3D culture) offers significant advantages over that in the conventional two-dimensional (2D) tissue culture syste...
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Article
Open AccessIncomplete DRB4-dependence of the DCL4-mediated antiviral defense
The double-stranded RNA-binding protein DRB4 of Arabidopsis was shown previously to contribute to the DICER-LIKE 4 (DCL4)-mediated biogenesis of viral small interfering RNAs (vsiRNAs) of 21 nucleotides (nt) in...
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Living Reference Work Entry In depth
Surface Runoff
Surface runoff, or overland flow, is a fundamental process of interest in hydrology. Surface runoff generation can occur at multiple scales, ranging from small pools of excess water that propagate downhill to ...
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Reference Work Entry In depth
Surface Runoff
Surface runoff, or overland flow, is a fundamental process of interest in hydrology. Surface runoff generation can occur at multiple scales, ranging from small pools of excess water that propagate downhill to ...
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Article
Phase separation of TAZ compartmentalizes the transcription machinery to promote gene expression
TAZ promotes growth, development and tumorigenesis by regulating the expression of target genes. However, the manner in which TAZ orchestrates the transcriptional responses is poorly defined. Here we demonstra...
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Chapter and Conference Paper
Fusing Directional and Omnidirectional Wi-Fi Antennas for Accurate Indoor Localization
Wi-Fi fingerprint-based indoor localization has attracted much attention due to the pervasiveness of Wi-Fi access points (APs). However, the localization accuracy could be degraded due to signal fluctuations a...
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Article
Open AccessSimultaneous silencing of two different Arabidopsis genes with a novel virus-induced gene silencing vector
Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) is a useful tool for functional characterizations of plant genes. However, the penetrance of VIGS varies depending on the genes to be silenced, and has to be evaluated by ex...
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Article
Poly(ADP-ribosylation) of P-TEFb by PARP1 disrupts phase separation to inhibit global transcription after DNA damage
DNA damage shuts down genome-wide transcription to prevent transcriptional mutagenesis and to initiate repair signalling, but the mechanism to stall elongating RNA polymerase II (Pol II) is not fully understoo...
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Article
Effect of Nb do** on the microstructure and electrical properties of 0.5BZT–0.5BCT thin films prepared by the sol–gel method
In this study, Nb-doped (0.00 ≤ x ≤ 0.025) lead-free 0.5BZT–0.5BCT films were prepared on Pt/Ti/SiO2/(100)Si substrates by the sol–gel method. The effects of Nb content on the structure, diffusion phase transform...
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Article
Open AccessBlockade of the ADAM8-Fra-1 complex attenuates neuroinflammation by suppressing the Map3k4/MAPKs axis after spinal cord injury
Mechanical spinal cord injury (SCI) is a deteriorative neurological disorder, causing secondary neuroinflammation and neuropathy. ADAM8 is thought to be an extracellular metalloproteinase, which regulates prot...
