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Chapter and Conference Paper
Low-Voltage Embedded RAMs – Current Status and Future Trends
Low-voltage high-density embedded (e-) RAMs, focusing on RAM cells and peripheral circuits, are described. First, challenges and trends in low-voltage e-RAMs are described based on the S/N issue of RAM cells, ...
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Chapter
Ultralow-Voltage Memory Circuits
The key design issues for ultralow-voltage (0.5–2 V) memory circuits are reviewed in terms of stable memory-cell operation, subthreshold current reduction, suppression of or compensation for design-parameter v...
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Chapter
Low-Voltage Embedded-RAM Technology: Present and Future
First, key issues for low-voltage (<1V) embedded RAMs are summarized in terms of stable operation, suppression of leakage (gate-tunneling/subthreshold) currents, and speed variation of memory cells and periphe...