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  1. No Access

    Chapter

    Named Entity Recognition

    This chapter provides an overview of named entity recognition (NER) from biomedical text, which is an algorithmic approach to identifying the span of text that represents medical concepts and their class. Read...

    Murthy V. Devarakonda, Kalpana Raja, Hua Xu in Natural Language Processing in Biomedicine (2024)

  2. No Access

    Chapter

    Medical Concept Normalization

    Medical concept normalization, which maps clinical entities to concepts in standard terminology, is essential for supporting downstream computational applications in clinical settings. This chapter starts with...

    Hua Xu, Dina Demner Fushman, Na Hong in Natural Language Processing in Biomedicine (2024)

  3. No Access

    Chapter

    Relation Extraction

    This chapter introduces methods for extracting the relations between entities mentioned in electronic health records, scientific literature, reports, and similar biomedical text. The contents of this chapter w...

    Murthy V. Devarakonda, Kalpana Raja, Hua Xu in Natural Language Processing in Biomedicine (2024)

  4. Article

    Open Access

    Serial KinderMiner (SKiM) discovers and annotates biomedical knowledge using co-occurrence and transformer models

    The PubMed archive contains more than 34 million articles; consequently, it is becoming increasingly difficult for a biomedical researcher to keep up-to-date with different knowledge domains. Computationally e...

    Robert J. Millikin, Kalpana Raja, John Steill, Cannon Lock in BMC Bioinformatics (2023)

  5. Article

    Open Access

    A haplotype-resolved genome assembly of the Nile rat facilitates exploration of the genetic basis of diabetes

    The Nile rat (Avicanthis niloticus) is an important animal model because of its robust diurnal rhythm, a cone-rich retina, and a propensity to develop diet-induced diabetes without chemical or genetic modificatio...

    Huishi Toh, Chentao Yang, Giulio Formenti, Kalpana Raja, Lily Yan in BMC Biology (2022)

  6. No Access

    Protocol

    A Simple Computational Approach to Identify Potential Drugs for Multiple Sclerosis and Cognitive Disorders from Expert Curated Resources

    Multiple sclerosis, a disease of central nervous system leads to potential disability. In the USA, one million cases are diagnosed with multiple sclerosis in 2019. Multiple sclerosis is identified as one of th...

    Kalpana Raja, Archana Prabahar, Shyam Sundar Arputhanatham in Biomedical Text Mining (2022)

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    Book

  8. No Access

    Protocol

    A Text Mining Protocol for Extracting Drug–Drug Interaction and Adverse Drug Reactions Specific to Patient Population, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Disease

    Drug-drug interactions (DDIs) and adverse drug reactions (ADR) are experienced by many patients, especially by elderly population due to their multiple comorbidities and polypharmacy. Databases such as PubMed ...

    Mohamed Saleem Abdul Shukkoor, Mohamad Taufik Hidayat Baharuldin in Biomedical Text Mining (2022)

  9. No Access

    Protocol

    Biomedical Literature Mining and Its Components

    The published biomedical articles are the best source of knowledge to understand the importance of biomedical entities such as disease, drugs, and their role in different patient population groups. The number ...

    Kalpana Raja in Biomedical Text Mining (2022)

  10. No Access

    Protocol

    A Text Mining Protocol for Predicting Drug–Drug Interaction and Adverse Drug Reactions from PubMed Articles

    Drug–drug interactions (DDIs) and adverse drug reactions (ADRs) occur during the pharmacotherapy of multiple comorbidities and in susceptible individuals. DDIs and ADRs limit the therapeutic outcomes in pharma...

    Mohamed Saleem Abdul Shukkoor, Kalpana Raja in Biomedical Text Mining (2022)

  11. No Access

    Protocol

    Extracting Significant Comorbid Diseases from MeSH Index of PubMed

    Text mining is an important research area to be explored in terms of understanding disease associations and have an insight in disease comorbidities. The reason for comorbid occurrence in any patient may be ge...

    Dheepa Anand, Sharanya Manoharan, Oviya Ramalakshmi Iyyappan in Biomedical Text Mining (2022)

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    Chapter

    Basics of Fungal Siderophores: Classification, Iron Transport and Storage, Chemistry and Biosynthesis, Application, and More

    Iron is needed in micro-quantities for cellular homeostasis. In humans, iron is bound to transferrin and ferritin, the essential proteins for cellular functions. The human body maintains an optimal iron conten...

    Shyam Sundar Arputhanantham, Kalpana Raja, Latha Shanmugam in Fungal Siderophores (2021)

  13. No Access

    Chapter

    A Summary on Up-To-Date Research on Fungal Siderophores on Disease, Treatment and Pathogenicity Based on Text Mining, Bioinformatics and Experts’ Opinion

    Knowledge of fungal siderophores related to humans is important in the diagnosis and treatment of life-threatening infections like aspergillosis, candidiasis, histoplasmosis, etc., caused by fungi. Current res...

    Archana Prabahar, Latha Shanmugam, Manonmani Alvin Jose in Fungal Siderophores (2021)

  14. No Access

    Protocol

    Automated Extraction and Visualization of Protein–Protein Interaction Networks and Beyond: A Text-Mining Protocol

    Proteins perform their functions by interacting with other proteins. Protein–protein interaction (PPI) is critical for understanding the functions of individual proteins, the mechanisms of biological processes...

    Kalpana Raja, Jeyakumar Natarajan, Finn Kuusisto in Protein-Protein Interaction Networks (2020)

  15. Article

    Open Access

    Genetic signature to provide robust risk assessment of psoriatic arthritis development in psoriasis patients

    Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a complex chronic musculoskeletal condition that occurs in ~30% of psoriasis patients. Currently, no systematic strategy is available that utilizes the differences in genetic archi...

    Matthew T. Patrick, Philip E. Stuart, Kalpana Raja in Nature Communications (2018)

  16. Article

    Open Access

    Machine learning workflow to enhance predictions of Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) through drug-gene interactions: application to drugs for cutaneous diseases

    Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) pose critical public health issues, affecting over 6% of hospitalized patients. While knowledge of potential drug-drug interactions (DDI) is necessary to prevent ADR, the rapid pa...

    Kalpana Raja, Matthew Patrick, James T. Elder, Lam C. Tsoi in Scientific Reports (2017)

  17. No Access

    Article

    Atypical Presentation of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumours—A Case Report

    Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are benign mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Their clinical presentations are variable. We report a case of a 31-year-old man who presented with pa...

    Kalpana Raja, Bhawna Dev, Roy Santosham, Joseph Santhosh in Indian Journal of Surgery (2013)

  18. No Access

    Reference Work Entry In depth

    Template Filling, Text Mining

    Kalpana Raja, Suresh Subramani, Dr. Jeyakumar Natarajan in Encyclopedia of Systems Biology (2013)