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Article
How much time does it take to discriminate two sets by their numbers of elements?
The ability to evaluate the number of elements in a set—numerosity—without symbolic representation is a form of primitive perceptual intelligence. A simple binomial model was proposed to explain how observers ...
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Article
How are local orientation signals pooled?
Visual perception is capable of pooling multiple local orientation signals into a single more accurate summary orientation. However, there is still a lack of systematic inquiry into which summary statistics ar...
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Article
Proximity model of perceived numerosity
The occupancy model (OM) was proposed to explain how the spatial arrangement of dots in sparse random patterns affects their perceived numerosity. The model’s central thesis maintained that each dot seemingly ...
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Article
A method for detection of inattentional feature blindness
In ensemble displays, two principal factors determine the precision with which the mean value of some perceptual attribute, such as size and orientation, can be discriminated: inefficiency and representational...
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Article
Perception of means, sums, and areas
In this age of data visualization, it is important to understand our perception of the symbols that are used. For example, does the perceived size of a disc correspond most closely to its area, diameter, circu...
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Reference Work Entry In depth
National Character
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Living Reference Work Entry In depth
National Character
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Article
Discrimination of numerical proportions: A comparison of binomial and Gaussian models
Observers discriminated the numerical proportion of two sets of elements (N = 9, 13, 33, and 65) that differed either by color or orientation. According to the standard Thurstonian approach, the accuracy of propo...
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Article
Open AccessMeta-analysis of Genome-Wide Association Studies for Extraversion: Findings from the Genetics of Personality Consortium
Extraversion is a relatively stable and heritable personality trait associated with numerous psychosocial, lifestyle and health outcomes. Despite its substantial heritability, no genetic variants have been det...
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Article
Detection and identification of spatial offset: double-judgment psychophysics revisited
In a bull’s-eye acuity task, we asked observers to identify in which direction, to the left or the right, a spot had been displaced from the center of a circle and—after that, in the same trial—to detect which...
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Article
Open AccessHarmonization of Neuroticism and Extraversion phenotypes across inventories and cohorts in the Genetics of Personality Consortium: an application of Item Response Theory
Mega- or meta-analytic studies (e.g. genome-wide association studies) are increasingly used in behavior genetics. An issue in such studies is that phenotypes are often measured by different instruments across ...
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Article
Self-Other Agreement in Happiness and Life-Satisfaction: The Role of Personality Traits
The aim of the current study is to examine the role of personality traits in self-other agreement in happiness and life-satisfaction which are often seen as the essential components of subjective well-being (S...
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Article
Visibility versus accountability in pooling local motion signals into global motion direction
The human observer is surprisingly inaccurate in discriminating proportions between two spatially overlap** sets of randomly distributed elements moving in opposite directions. It was shown that observers to...
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Chapter
The Role of Pitch Cue in the Perception of the Estonian Long Quantity
Pitch has an important role in the Estonian three-way quantity system. In short (Q1) and long (Q2) quantity degrees the pitch falls at the end of the primary stressed syllable but in the overlong quantity (Q3)...
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Article
Detection of motion onset and offset: reaction time and visual evoked potential analysis
Manual reaction time (RT) and visual evoked potentials (VEP) were measured in motion onset and offset detection tasks. A considerable homology was observed between the temporal structure of RTs and VEP interva...
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Article
History of experimental psychology from an Estonian perspective
A short review of the development of experimental psychology from an Estonian perspective is presented. The first rector after the reopening of the University of Dorpat (Tartu) in 1802, Georg Friedrich Parrot ...
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Article
Planning of saccadic eye movements
Most theories of the programming of saccadic eye movements (SEM) agree that direction and amplitude are the two basic dimensions that are under control when an intended movement is planned. But they disagree ...
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Book
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Chapter
Introduction
Personality psychology has become an international enterprise. To take an example at random, the eight personality articles in the December, 2001, issue of the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology include...
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Chapter
A Five-Factor Theory Perspective
Five-Factor Theory (FFT) is a conceptualization of the personality system that identifies traits as abstract Basic Tendencies rooted in biology. In this chapter, FFT is examined in relation to recent findings ...
