-
Article
Open AccessCurrent and future immunotherapeutic approaches in pancreatic cancer treatment
Pancreatic cancer is a major cause of cancer-related death, but despondently, the outlook and prognosis for this resistant type of tumor have remained grim for a long time. Currently, it is extremely challengi...
-
Article
Open AccessAssociation of interleukin-17A and chemokine/vascular endothelial growth factor-induced angiogenesis in newly diagnosed patients with bladder cancer
The human interleukin-17 (IL-17) family comprises IL-17A to IL-17 F; their receptors are IL-17RA to IL-17RE. Evidence revealed that these cytokines can have a tumor-supportive or anti-tumor impact on human mal...
-
Article
Open AccessTherapeutic and immunomodulatory potentials of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells and immune checkpoints related molecules
Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) are used in many studies due to their therapeutic potential, including their differentiative ability and immunomodulatory properties. These cells perform their therapeutic...
-
Article
Open AccessRole of Interleukin-17 family cytokines in disease severity of patients with knee osteoarthritis
Interleukin-17 (IL-17) family plays a role in the pathogenesis of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) by contributing to the inflammatory and destructive processes in the affected joint. This study aimed to measure leve...
-
Article
Purinergic signaling: decoding its role in COVID-19 pathogenesis and promising treatment strategies
The pathogenesis of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2), is complex and involves dysregulated immune responses, inflammation, and coagulopathy...
-
Chapter
Unleashing the Potential of Natural Killer Cells in Immunotherapy for Glioblastoma and Brain Tumors
Malignant brain tumors, which are characterized by their aggressive and destructive nature, invasive growth, and high morbidity and mortality rates, pose significant challenges for researchers striving to deve...
-
Article
Open AccessNatural killer cells and their exosomes in viral infections and related therapeutic approaches: where are we?
Innate immunity is the first line of the host immune system to fight against infections. Natural killer cells are the innate immunity lymphocytes responsible for fighting against virus-infected and cancerous c...
-
Article
The cryptic role of CXCL17/CXCR8 axis in the pathogenesis of cancers: a review of the latest evidence
Chemokines are immune system mediators that mediate various activities and play a role in the pathogenesis of several cancers. Among these chemokines, C-X-C motif chemokine 17 (CXCL-17) is a relatively novel m...
-
Article
Apelin receptor antagonist boosts dendritic cell vaccine efficacy in controlling angiogenic, metastatic and apoptotic-related factors in 4T1 breast tumor-bearing mice
Apelin/APJ axis plays a critical role in cancer progression, thus its targeting inhibits tumor growth. However, blocking of Apelin/APJ axis in combination with immunotherapeutic approaches may be more effectiv...
-
Article
Open AccessEvaluation of the interaction between tumor growth factor-β and interferon type I pathways in patients with COVID-19: focusing on ages 1 to 90 years
Evidence revealed that age could affect immune responses in patients with the acute respiratory syndrome of coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. This study investigated the impact of age on immune responses, ...
-
Article
Open AccessEffects of N-acetylcysteine on systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity and its associated complications: a randomized double-blind clinical trial study
N-acetylcysteine (NAC) has broadly been used as an anti-oxidant agent in various types of diseases. This study aimed to assess the effect of NAC on the systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) disease activity and o...
-
Article
Role of T Cells in the Pathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis: Focus on Immunometabolism Dysfunctions
Evidence demonstrated that metabolic-associated T cell abnormalities could be detected in the early stage of RA development. In this context, molecular evaluations have revealed changes in metabolic pathways, ...
-
Article
Correction to: Destructive Roles of Fibroblast-Like Synoviocytes in Chronic Inflammation and Joint Damage in Rheumatoid Arthritis
A Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s10753-020-01402-x
-
Article
Destructive Roles of Fibroblast-like Synoviocytes in Chronic Inflammation and Joint Damage in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) are important non-immune cells located mostly in the inner layer of the synovium. Indeed, these cells are specialized mesenchymal cells, implicated in collagen homeostasis o...
-
Article
Serum levels of CC chemokine ligands in cutaneous leishmaniasis patients
The crucial functions of chemokine/receptors in numerous parasitic infections, including leishmaniasis, are well documented. This study aimed to assess the serum levels of CC ligand (CCL) 2, CCL5, and CCL11 in...
-
Article
The Association Between Traumatic Brain Injury and Accelerated Fracture Healing: A Study on the Effects of Growth Factors and Cytokines
Evidence suggests that some systemic and local factors, including cytokines and growth factors in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI), can play an essential role in accelerating fracture healing. The pu...
-
Article
Open AccessAssessing the expression of immunosuppressive cytokines in the newly diagnosed systemic lupus Erythematosus patients: a focus on B cells
The immunosuppressive effects of regulatory B-cells (Bregs) and their immunosuppressive cytokines on immune responses in autoimmune disorders, mainly systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), have been recently esta...
-
Article
Eotaxins and C–C chemokine receptor type 3 in Parkinson’s disease
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the most common neuroinflammatory disorders and inflammatory processes seem to play an important role in the pathogenesis of PD. Chemokines as inflammatory mediators, which a...
-
Article
Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1/CCL2) in diabetic retinopathy: latest evidence and clinical considerations
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is considered as a diabetes-related complication that can render severe visual impairments and is also a risk factor for acquired blindness in both developed as well as develo** cou...
-
Article
Correction to: Biological/pathological functions of the CXCL12/CXCR4/CXCR7 axes in the pathogenesis of bladder cancer
Following the publication from the original article, it came to our attention that we unintentionally neglected to acknowledge some text overlap with previous publications.