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Article
Open AccessOxygen-evolving photosystem II structures during S1–S2–S3 transitions
Photosystem II (PSII) catalyses the oxidation of water through a four-step cycle of Si states (i = 0–4) at the Mn4CaO5 cluster1–3, during which an extra oxygen (O6) is incorporated at the S3 state to form a possi...
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Article
Open AccessIdentification of ultra-rare disruptive variants in voltage-gated calcium channel-encoding genes in Japanese samples of schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder
Several large-scale whole-exome sequencing studies in patients with schizophrenia (SCZ) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have identified rare variants with modest or strong effect size as genetic risk factor...
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Article
Oligonol promotes glucose uptake by modulating the insulin signaling pathway in insulin-resistant HepG2 cells via inhibiting protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B
Insulin resistance and protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) overexpression are strongly associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which is characterized by defects in insulin signaling and glucose in...
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Article
Inhibitory evaluation of oligonol on α-glucosidase, protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B, cholinesterase, and β-secretase 1 related to diabetes and Alzheimer’s disease
Oligonol is a low-molecular-weight form of polyphenol that is derived from lychee fruit extract and contains catechin-type monomers and oligomers of proanthocyanidins. This study investigates the anti-diabetic...
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Article
Open AccessFacilitation of axon outgrowth via a Wnt5a-CaMKK-CaMKIα pathway during neuronal polarization
Wnt5a, originally identified as a guidance cue for commissural axons, activates a non-canonical pathway critical for cortical axonal morphogenesis. The molecular signaling cascade underlying this event remains...
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Article
Erratum: Rational design of a high-affinity, fast, red calcium indicator R-CaMP2
Nat. Methods 12, 64–70 (2015); published online 24 November 2014; corrected after print 11 June 2015 In the version of this article initially published, GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession codes for R-GECO2L and R-CaM...
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Article
Rational design of a high-affinity, fast, red calcium indicator R-CaMP2
An improved genetically encoded red calcium sensor enables the monitoring of neuronal activity in cell culture and in vivo. R-CaMP2 has fast kinetics and a high affinity to calcium and can follow action potential...
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Article
Open AccessPerilla Extract improves gastrointestinal discomfort in a randomized placebo controlled double blind human pilot study
Gastrointestinal (GI) discomfort, e.g. bloating or rumbling, is a common symptom in otherwise healthy adults. Approximately 20% of the population, particularly women suffer from gastrointestinal discomfort and...
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Article
Flavanols: digestion, absorption and bioactivity
Flavanols, or flavan-3-ols, are a family of bioactive compounds present in cocoa, red wine, green tea, red grapes, berries and apples. With a basic monomer unit of (−)-epicatechin or (+)-catechin, flavanols ca...
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Article
Active hexose correlated compound enhances tumor surveillance through regulating both innate and adaptive immune responses
Active hexose correlated compound (AHCC) is a mixture of polysaccharides, amino acids, lipids and minerals derived from cocultured mycelia of several species of Basidiomycete mushrooms. AHCC has been implicate...
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Article
Lipase modification by various synthetic polymers for use in chloroform
Lipase was modified with several hydrophilic and hydrophobic synthetic polymers. The modified lipase was solubilized into chloroform by. The catalytic esterification activity of modified lipase increased linea...
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Systemic lupus erythematosus in a boy with a review of the Japanese literature
A 3-year-old boy with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) with no skin rash whatever throughout the course of the disease is described, and the possibility of occurrence without skin rash is stressed. Seventeen...
