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Article
Open AccessThe previously undescribed variant of the thyrohyoid muscle and its potential impact on surgical procedures
The thyrohyoid muscle belongs to the infrahyoid group located in the carotid triangle. It normally originates from thyroid cartilage and inserts into hyoid bone. Quite often, it is continuous with the sternohy...
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Article
The brachioradialis longus: an unreported accessory form of the brachioradialis muscle
The brachioradialis muscle (BR) belongs to the lateral forearm muscle. Typically, the radial nerve innervates it. BR morphological variability, such as split muscular belly, split tendon, or accessory BR (ABR)...
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Article
Mobility of the lumbo-pelvic-hip complex (spinopelvic mobility) and sagittal spinal alignment - implications for surgeons performing hip arthroplasty
The optimal positioning of the hip prosthesis components is influenced by the mobility and balance of the spine. The present study classifies patients with pathology of the spino-pelvic-hip complex, showing po...
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Article
The enigmatic os supratrochleare anterius: from rarity to recognition in elbow pathology—case report and review of literature
Accessory bones around the elbow are scarce, with a reported mean incidence rate of 0.77%. The rarest one is the os supratrochleare anterius, with only a handful of documented cases in the literature. Despite ...
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Article
Open AccessThe coracobrachialis muscle: typical morphology, accessory forms, and the issues with terminology
The coracobrachialis muscle (CB) represents one of the anterior arm compartment muscles. It has been defined by classic anatomy textbooks and old papers, as a muscle of one belly arising from the coracoid proc...
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Article
Open AccessThe accessory heads of the quadriceps femoris muscle may affect the layering of the quadriceps tendon and potential graft harvest lengths
The aim of the study was to assess the quadriceps femoris system for the presence of additional layers.
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Article
Open AccessA very rare case of a thoracobrachialis muscle
The anterior arm compartment includes the biceps brachii muscle, brachialis muscle, and coracobrachialis muscle, and they are characterized by different morphological variations. During standard anatomical dis...
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Article
Open AccessMuscle interconnections in the anterior and posterior arm compartment: a cadaveric case series with possible clinical implications
The report describes four cases of accessory bundles (ABs) or fibers connecting the muscles of the anterior with the posterior arm compartment. The ABs morphology (pure muscular or musculofascial or musculoapo...
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Article
Open AccessMorphological variations of the brachial artery and their clinical significance: a systematic review
Morphological variations of the brachial artery are quite commonly discovered in routine dissection and have been the subject of many studies. However, there is a need for a clear classification. This work pre...
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Article
Open AccessAn unreported innervation of the coracobrachialis longus by the radial nerve: a potential pitfall for clinicians
The aim of the presented case is to describe an unprecedented innervation of the coracobrachialis longus muscle by the radial nerve.
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Article
Nerve relationships to the sacrospinous ligament: application to suspension procedures and transgluteal approaches for nerve repair and tumor removal with three case illustrations
Transvaginal suspension procedures often use the sacrospinous ligament (SSL), which attaches onto the ischial spine (IS). However, nerve-related sequelae (e.g., sciatic nerve injury) following such procedures...
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Article
Open AccessMorphological variations of the calcaneal tendon: clinical significance
The calcaneal tendon, the largest and strongest in the human body, is created by the common junction of tendons of the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles. It is not a homogenous structure, being represented by l...
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Article
Open AccessRadial nerve compression: anatomical perspective and clinical consequences
The radial nerve is the biggest branch of the posterior cord of the brachial plexus and one of its five terminal branches. Entrapment of the radial nerve at the elbow is the third most common compressive neuro...
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Article
Open AccessAn unreported infraspinatus muscle variation—two-headed infraspinatus minor muscle and three-headed fusion with the teres minor muscle
The infraspinatus muscle is situated under the scapular spine in the infraspinous fossa and inserts into the greater tuberosity of the humerus. It is a component of a crucial shoulder muscle group, the rotator...
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Article
Common trunk of the internal thoracic artery, inferior thyroid artery and thyrocervical trunk from the subclavian artery: a rare arterial variant
In this article, we describe a complex and rare variant of the common trunk arising as a branch of the subclavian artery. This description highlights the clinical relevance of such a variation for medical prac...
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Article
A proposal for a new classification of the long head of the biceps brachii
The anterior compartment of the arm consists of three muscles: the biceps brachii, brachialis and coracobrachialis. The aim of the present study was to characterize possible variations in the morphology of the...
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Article
C6 and not C5 nerve fibers more commonly contribute most to deltoid muscle innervation: anatomical study with application to better diagnosing cervical nerve injuries
Most anatomical textbooks list both the C5 and C6 spinal nerves as contributing to the deltoid muscle’s innervation via the axillary nerve. To our knowledge, no previous study has detailed the exact spinal ner...
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Article
Additional head of the rectus femoris muscle: a case report
The aim of the present case is to describe an interesting variation of the additional head of the rectus femoris.
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Article
Coexistence of accessory band with the second type of extensor hallucis longus
The main muscles responsible for extension of the toes are the extensor digitorum longus and extensor hallucis longus. Morphological variants of both of these muscles are mostly related to the numbers of tendo...
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Article
A newly reported muscle: an accessory infraspinatus or a deep layer of the latissimus dorsi?
The infraspinatus muscle is a component of the rotator cuff; the latissimus dorsi muscle is the largest muscle of the back. These muscles are not considered very morphologically variable. However, the latissim...
